整个程序分了三个模块：购票模块（主体）、验证码处理模块、余票查询模块
使用方法：三个模块分别保存为三个python文件，名字分别为：book_ticket，captcha，check_ticket。
在购票模块里初始化相关参数：出发站、终点站、出发日期、自己的账号、密码，乘客姓名等，出发日期的格式：xxxx-xx-xx。
购票模块
from selenium import webdriverfrom mon.by import Byfrom selenium.webdriver.support import waitfrom selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ECfrom mon.exceptions import NoSuchElementExceptionimport jsonimport timefrom check_ticket import Check#余票查询模块from captcha import Code#验证码处理模块class Buy_Ticket():def __init__(self, start_station, end_station, date, username, password, purpose, names):self.num = 1self.start = start_stationself.end = end_stationself.date = dateself.username = usernameself.password = passwordself.purpose = purposeself.all_names = namesself.login_url = '/otn/resources/login.html'self.ticket_url = '/otn/leftTicket/init'#模拟登录函数，包括自动填充用户名、密码、自动点击验证、最终自动登录def login(self):browser.get(self.login_url)time.sleep(0.5)try:wait.WebDriverWait(browser, 5).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME,'login-hd-account'))).click()input_name = browser.find_element_by_id('J-userName')input_pd = browser.find_element_by_id('J-password')input_name.send_keys(self.username)input_pd.send_keys(self.password)start_end, check = self.add_cookie()#time.sleep(5)c = Code(browser) #调用验证码识别模块c.main()print('登录成功！')time.sleep(0.8)print(browser.current_url)#try:#wait.WebDriverWait(browser, 3).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME,'btn.btn-primary.ok'))).click()#except NoSuchElementException:#passself.check(start_end, check)except NoSuchElementException:print('没有找到元素')self.login()def add_cookie(self):check = Check(self.date, self.start, self.end, self.purpose)start_end = check.look_up_station()# cookie的添加，json.dumps把以汉字形式呈现的起始、终点站转化成unicode编码，可在审查元素里查看cookiebrowser.add_cookie({'name': '_jc_save_fromStation','value': json.dumps(self.start).strip('"').replace('\\', '%') + '%2C' + start_end[0]})browser.add_cookie({'name': '_jc_save_toStation','value': json.dumps(self.end).strip('"').replace('\\', '%') + '%2C' + start_end[1]})browser.add_cookie({'name': '_jc_save_fromDate', 'value': self.date})print('cookie添加完成！')return start_end, check#余票查询函数，获取预定车次信息def check(self, start_end, check):#调用余票查询模块browser.get(self.ticket_url)self.num = check.get_info(start_end, 1)button = wait.WebDriverWait(browser, 3).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID,'query_ticket')))button.click()if self.purpose == '学生':browser.find_element_by_id('sf2').click()button.click()def check_date(self):#12306学生票的时间是：暑假：6月1日-9月30日，寒假：12月1日-3月31日date = ''.join(self.date.split('-'))#暑假if int(date[:4] + '0601') <= int(date) <= int(date[:4] + '0930'):return 1#当年寒假，也就是当年的1、2、3月if int(date[:4] + '0101') <= int(date) <= int(date[:4] + '0331'):return 1#这里处理的是从当年12月到第二年的3月，比如在-12-12买-01-18的学生票，那么就是在下面的处理区间next_year = str(int(date[:4]) + 1)if int(date[:4] + '1201') <= int(date) <= int(next_year + '0331'):return 1return 0#车票预定函数def book_ticket(self):time.sleep(1.5)print('开始预订车票...')#先查找出所有车次对应的预订按钮，再根据余票查询模块返回的车次序号，点击相应的预订按钮button = browser.find_elements_by_class_name('no-br')button[self.num-1].click()time.sleep(1.5)#选择乘车人#获取所有乘车人的信息passengers = browser.find_element_by_id('normal_passenger_id')names = passengers.text.split('\n')for name in self.all_names:index = names.index(name)browser.find_element_by_id('normalPassenger_' + str(index)).click()if '学生' in name:if self.check_date():browser.find_element_by_id('dialog_xsertcj_ok').click()else:print('当前日期不在学生票可购买时间区间！')print('学生票乘车时间为暑假6月1日至9月30日、寒假12月1日至3月31日！')browser.find_element_by_id('dialog_xsertcj_cancel').click()#browser.close()browser.find_element_by_id('submitOrder_id').click()wait.WebDriverWait(browser, 3).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID,'qr_submit_id'))).click()print('车票预定成功！请在30分钟内完成付款！')def main(self):self.login()if self.num:self.book_ticket()else:browser.close()returnif __name__ == '__main__':begin = time.time()#隐藏浏览器options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()options.add_argument("--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled") #.03.28更新browser = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)browser.maximize_window()# Buy_Ticket类初始化参数，从左到右：出发站，终点站，出发日期，账号，密码，购票类型(默认购买成人票，若要购买学生票，# 添加乘客姓名时在后面加上(学生))，把要购买票的乘客姓名放在一个列表里b = Buy_Ticket('上海', '重庆', '-12-30', '账号', '密码', 'ADULT', ['乘客1姓名', '乘客2姓名(学生)'])b.main()end = time.time()print('总耗时：%d秒' % int(end-begin))#browser.close()
验证码处理模块
import timeimport base64import requestsimport numpy as npfrom selenium import webdriverfrom selenium.webdriver import ActionChainsfrom selenium.webdriver.support import waitfrom mon.by import Byfrom selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as ECclass Code():def __init__(self, browser):self.browser = browserself.verify_url = ':47720/'#验证码识别网址，返回识别结果#获取验证码图片def get_captcha(self):element = self.browser.find_element_by_class_name('imgCode')#time.sleep(0.5)img = base64.b64decode(element.get_attribute('src')[len('data:image/jpg;base64,'):])with open('captcha.png', 'wb') as f:f.write(img)#验证码解析def parse_img(self):pic_name = 'captcha.png'# 打开保存到本地的验证码图片files={'pic_xxfile':(pic_name,open(pic_name,'rb'),'image/png')}response = requests.post(self.verify_url, files=files)try:num = response.text.split('<B>')[1].split('<')[0]except IndexError: #验证码没识别出来的情况print('验证码未能识别！重新识别验证码...')returntry:if int(num):print('验证码识别成功！图片位置：%s' % num)return [int(num)]except ValueError:try:num = list(map(int,num.split()))print('验证码识别成功！图片位置：%s' % num)return numexcept ValueError:print('验证码未能识别')return#识别结果num都以列表形式返回，方便后续验证码的点击#还有可能验证码没能识别出来#实现验证码自动点击def move(self):num = self.parse_img()if num:try:element = self.browser.find_element_by_class_name('loginImg')for i in num:if i <= 4:ActionChains(self.browser).move_to_element_with_offset(element,40+72*(i-1),73).click().perform()else :i -= 4ActionChains(self.browser).move_to_element_with_offset(element,40+72*(i-1),145).click().perform()self.browser.find_element_by_class_name('login-btn').click()self.slider()except:print('元素不可选！')else:self.browser.find_element_by_class_name('lgcode-refresh').click() #刷新验证码time.sleep(1.5)self.main()def ease_out_quart(self, x):return 1 - pow(1 - x, 4)#生成滑动轨迹def get_tracks(self, distance, seconds, ease_func):tracks = [0]offsets = [0]for t in np.arange(0.0, seconds, 0.1):ease = ease_funcoffset = round(ease(t / seconds) * distance)tracks.append(offset - offsets[-1])offsets.append(offset)return tracks#处理滑动验证码def slider(self):print('开始处理滑动验证码...')#track = self.get_tracks(305, 1, self.ease_out_quart)track = [30, 50, 90, 140] #滑动轨迹可随意，只要距离大于300try:slider = wait.WebDriverWait(self.browser, 5).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, 'nc_iconfont.btn_slide')))ActionChains(self.browser).click_and_hold(slider).perform()for i in track:ActionChains(self.browser).move_by_offset(xoffset=i, yoffset=0).perform()except:print('验证码识别错误！等待验证码刷新，重新识别验证码...')time.sleep(2.1) #验证码刷新需要2秒self.main()def main(self):self.get_captcha()self.move()
余票查询模块
import requestsfrom urllib.parse import urlencodeimport timeimport jsonclass Check():def __init__(self, date, start, end, purpose):self.base_url = '/otn/leftTicket/query?'self.url = '/otn/resources/js/framework/station_name.js?station_version=1.9018'self.headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/75.0.3770.142 Safari/537.36','Cookie': 'JSESSIONID=B709F9775E72BDED99B2EEBB8CA7FBB9; BIGipServerotn=1910046986.24610.0000; RAIL_EXPIRATION=1579188884851; RAIL_DEVIC'}self.date = dateself.start_station = startself.end_station = endself.purpose = purpose if purpose == 'ADULT' else '0X00'#查找出车站的英文简称，用于构造cookie、完整的余票查询链接def look_up_station(self):try:with open('station_code.json', 'r') as f:dic = json.load(f)except FileNotFoundError:response = requests.get(self.url).textstation = response.split('@')[1:]dic = {}for each in station:i = each.split('|')dic[i[1]] = i[2]with open('station_code.json', 'w') as f:f.write(json.dumps(dic))return [dic[self.start_station], dic[self.end_station]]def get_info(self, start_end, check_count):#构造请求参数data = {'leftTicketDTO.train_date': self.date,'leftTicketDTO.from_station': start_end[0],'leftTicketDTO.to_station': start_end[1],'purpose_codes': self.purpose}url = self.base_url + urlencode(data)print('完整余票查询链接：', url)count = 0 # 用于对车次编号while count == 0:print('余票查询中... %d次' % check_count)response = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers)#print(response.text)try:json = response.json()except ValueError:print('余票查询链接有误，请仔细检查！')returnmaps = json['data']['map']for each in json['data']['result']:count += 1s = each.split('|')[3:]info = {'train':s[0],'start_end':maps[s[3]] + '-' + maps[s[4]],'time':s[5] + '-' + s[6],'历时':s[7],'一等座':s[28],'二等座':s[27]}try:#余票的结果有3种：有、一个具体的数字(如：18、6等)、无，判断如果余票是有或者一个具体的数字就直接输出对应的车次信息，然后返回if info['二等座'] == '有' or int(info['二等座']):print('预定车次信息如下：')print('[%d]' % count, info)return countexcept ValueError:continuecount = 0check_count += 1time.sleep(0.8)
测试结果
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