后端开发|php教程
keepalived,192.168,slave,vrrp,Nginx
后端开发-php教程
Nginx+keepalived高可用有两种配置方案：
1、Nginx+keepalived 主从配置
这种方案，使用一个vip地址，前端使用2台机器，一台做主，一台做备，但同时只有一台机器工作，另一台备份机器在主机器不出现故障的时候，永远处于浪费状态，对于服务器不多的网站，该方案不经济实惠，所以本次不予采用。
2、Nginx+keepalived 双主配置
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这种方案，使用两个vip地址，前端使用2台机器，互为主备，同时有两台机器工作，当其中一台机器出现故障，两台机器的请求转移到一台机器负担，非常适合于当前架构环境，故本次采用此方案对网站进行高可用架构。
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下面我们以第二种配置演示实现双主高可用负载均衡。
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第一组
VIP1：192.168.36.100
主nginx：192.168.36.99
备nginx：192.168.36.86
第二组
VIP2：192.168.36.100
主nginx：192.168.36.86
备nginx：192.168.36.99
web服务：
web1：192.168.36.215
web2：192.168.36.80
A、nginx配置（安装省略）
worker_processes 1;events { worker_connections 1024;}http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; upstream web1 { server 192.168.36.215:80 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=3s; } upstream web2 { server 192.168.36.80:80 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=3s; } server { listen 88; server_name localhost; location / {root html;index index.html index.htm;proxy_pass http://web1;proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } } server { listen 99; server_name localhost; location / {root html;index index.html index.htm;proxy_pass http://web2;proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } }}
配置并启动192.168.36.99和192.168.36.86的nginx。检查访问是否正常.
web1
http://192.168.36.86:88/
http://192.168.36.99:88/
web2
http://192.168.36.86:99/
http://192.168.36.99:99/
B、安装、配置keepalived（安装省略）
1)192.168.36.86配置
vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalivedglobal_defs { notification_email {monitor@#failover@firewall.loc } notification_email_from tianwei7518@ smtp_server smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_DEVEL}vrrp_script chk_nginx { script "/etc/keepalived/chk_nginx.sh" interval 2 weight 2}vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP interface eth0 virtual_router_id 100 priority 50 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } track_script { chk_nginx } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.36.100 }}vrrp_instance VI_2 { state MASTER interface eth0 virtual_router_id 200 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } track_script { chk_nginx } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.36.200 }}
2)192.168.36.99配置
vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalivedglobal_defs { notification_email {monitor@#failover@firewall.loc } notification_email_from tianwei7518@ smtp_server smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_DEVEL}vrrp_script chk_nginx { script "/etc/keepalived/chk_nginx.sh" interval 2 weight 2}vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER interface eth0 virtual_router_id 100 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } track_script { chk_nginx } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.36.100 }}vrrp_instance VI_2 { state BACKUP interface eth0 virtual_router_id 200 priority 50 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } track_script { chk_nginx } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.36.200 }}
3）两台机器都需要有nginx进程检查脚本，当检测不到进程的时候重启nginx，无法重启就关闭keepalived，以便让vip切换到备机。
vi /etc/keepalived/chk_nginx.sh
#!/bin/sh#description: # 如果启动失败，则停止keepalivedstatus=$( ps -C nginx --no-heading| wc -l)if [ "${status}" = "0" ]; then /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx status2=$( ps -C nginx --no-heading| wc -l) if [ "${status2}" = "0" ]; thenservice keepalived stop fifi
设置执行权限：chmod +x /etc/keepalived/chk_nginx.sh
C、启动、测试
分别启动nginx和keepalived：
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
service keepalived start
访问：
web1
http://192.168.36.100:88/
http://192.168.36.200:88/
web2
http://192.168.36.100:99/
http://192.168.36.200:99/
可以正常访问。
我们可以试一下，关闭一个keepalived。关闭192.168.36.86上的keepalived
service keepalived stop
查看日志：
tail -f /var/log/messages
192.168.36.86日志：
Feb 7 00:39:05 slave-d Keepalived[5738]: Stopping Keepalived v1.2.15 (02/07,)Feb 7 00:39:05 slave-d Keepalived_vrrp[5741]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) sending 0 priorityFeb 7 00:39:05 slave-d Keepalived_vrrp[5741]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) removing protocol VIPs.Feb 7 00:39:05 slave-d Keepalived_healthcheckers[5740]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.36.200 removedFeb 7 00:39:05 slave-d avahi-daemon[1823]: Withdrawing address record for 192.168.36.200 on eth0.
192.168.36.99日志：
Feb 7 00:39:11 slave-c Keepalived_vrrp[25103]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Transition to MASTER STATEFeb 7 00:39:12 slave-c Keepalived_vrrp[25103]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Entering MASTER STATEFeb 7 00:39:12 slave-c Keepalived_vrrp[25103]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) setting protocol VIPs.Feb 7 00:39:12 slave-c Keepalived_healthcheckers[25102]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.36.200 addedFeb 7 00:39:12 slave-c avahi-daemon[1832]: Registering new address record for 192.168.36.200 on eth0.IPv4.Feb 7 00:39:12 slave-c Keepalived_vrrp[25103]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.36.200Feb 7 00:39:17 slave-c Keepalived_vrrp[25103]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.36.200
再开启192.168.36.86上的keepalived：
192.168.36.86日志：
Feb 7 00:40:42 slave-d Keepalived[6004]: Starting Keepalived v1.2.15 (02/07,)Feb 7 00:40:42 slave-d Keepalived[6005]: Starting Healthcheck child process, pid=6007Feb 7 00:40:42 slave-d Keepalived[6005]: Starting VRRP child process, pid=6008Feb 7 00:40:42 slave-d Keepalived_vrrp[6008]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.36.86 addedFeb 7 00:40:42 slave-d Keepalived_vrrp[6008]: Netlink reflector reports IP fe80::20c:29ff:fe6a:66ff addedFeb 7 00:40:42 slave-d Keepalived_vrrp[6008]: Registering Kernel netlink reflectorFeb 7 00:40:42 slave-d Keepalived_vrrp[6008]: Registering Kernel netlink command channelFeb 7 00:40:42 slave-d Keepalived_vrrp[6008]: Registering gratuitous ARP shared channelFeb 7 00:40:42 slave-d Keepalived_vrrp[6008]: Opening file /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.Feb 7 00:40:42 slave-d Keepalived_healthcheckers[6007]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.36.86 addedFeb 7 00:40:42 slave-d Keepalived_healthcheckers[6007]: Netlink reflector reports IP fe80::20c:29ff:fe6a:66ff addedFeb 7 00:40:42 slave-d Keepalived_healthcheckers[6007]: Registering Kernel netlink reflectorFeb 7 00:40:42 slave-d Keepalived_healthcheckers[6007]: Registering Kernel netlink command channelFeb 7 00:40:42 slave-d Keepalived_healthcheckers[6007]: Opening file /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.Feb 7 00:40:42 slave-d Keepalived_vrrp[6008]: Configuration is using : 44182 BytesFeb 7 00:40:42 slave-d Keepalived_vrrp[6008]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...Feb 7 00:40:42 slave-d Keepalived_vrrp[6008]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATEFeb 7 00:40:42 slave-d Keepalived_vrrp[6008]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), unicast(0), fd(10,11)]Feb 7 00:40:42 slave-d Keepalived_healthcheckers[6007]: Configuration is using : 7257 BytesFeb 7 00:40:42 slave-d Keepalived_healthcheckers[6007]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...Feb 7 00:40:42 slave-d Keepalived_vrrp[6008]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Transition to MASTER STATEFeb 7 00:40:42 slave-d Keepalived_vrrp[6008]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Received lower prio advert, forcing new electionFeb 7 00:40:43 slave-d Keepalived_vrrp[6008]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Entering MASTER STATEFeb 7 00:40:43 slave-d Keepalived_vrrp[6008]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) setting protocol VIPs.Feb 7 00:40:43 slave-d avahi-daemon[1823]: Registering new address record for 192.168.36.200 on eth0.IPv4.Feb 7 00:40:43 slave-d Keepalived_vrrp[6008]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.36.200Feb 7 00:40:43 slave-d Keepalived_healthcheckers[6007]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.36.200 addedFeb 7 00:40:48 slave-d Keepalived_vrrp[6008]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Sending gratuitous ARPs on eth0 for 192.168.36.200
192.168.36.99日志：
Feb 7 00:40:47 slave-c Keepalived_vrrp[25103]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Received higher prio advertFeb 7 00:40:47 slave-c Keepalived_vrrp[25103]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) Entering BACKUP STATEFeb 7 00:40:47 slave-c Keepalived_vrrp[25103]: VRRP_Instance(VI_2) removing protocol VIPs.Feb 7 00:40:47 slave-c Keepalived_healthcheckers[25102]: Netlink reflector reports IP 192.168.36.200 removedFeb 7 00:40:47 slave-c avahi-daemon[1832]: Withdrawing address record for 192.168.36.200 on eth0.
关闭后依旧可以正常访问。
关闭nginx后，可以看到nginx立即有启动。
参考文章：
CentOS6.5 keepalived详解及实现Nginx服务的高可用性
用NginX+keepalived实现高可用的负载均衡
Keepalived+Nginx实现高可用和双主节点负载均衡
nginx+keepalived实现nginx双主高可用的负载均衡
以上就介绍了Keepalived+nginx实现双主高可用负载均衡，包括了方面的内容，希望对PHP教学有兴趣的朋友有所帮助。
