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股骨粗隆间骨折临床分型

时间:2020-03-09 12:42:46

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股骨粗隆间骨折临床分型

AO分型和Evans-Jensen分型这两种是最为常用的粗隆骨折的分型,在这两种分类中,AO分型又更为通用。

AO typing and Evans-Jensen typing are the mostcommonly used types of trochanteric fractures. In both categories, AO typing ismore versatile.

Evans分型

Ⅰ型:单纯转子间骨折,骨折线由外上斜向内下

Ⅱ型:移位,合并小转子撕脱骨折,但股骨距完整

Ⅲ型:合并大转子骨折,骨折累计股骨距,有移位,常伴有转子间后部骨折

Ⅳ型:合并小转子粉碎骨折,可出现股骨颈和大转子冠状面的爆裂骨折

Ⅴ型:Ⅲ型+Ⅳ型

R型:为反转子间骨折,骨折线由内上斜向外下,可伴有小转子骨折,股骨距破坏。

Evans classification

Type I: simple intertrochanteric fracture, thefractureline is obliquely inward and downward from the outside.

Type II: Displacement, combined with avulsionfracturesof the small trochanter, but the femoral distance is intact.

Type III: combined with large trochanter fractures,cumulativefemoral fractures, displacement, often accompanied byposteriorintertrochanteric fractures.

Type IV: combined with small trochantercomminutedfractures, burst fractures of the femoral neck and coronal coronalplane mayoccur.

Type V: Type III + Type IV.

Type R: for the reversal of the inter-fracture,thefracture line from the upper side to the lower side, may be associated withasmall rotor fracture, femoral distance destruction.

AO分型

1981年,AO分型中,粗隆间骨折全部属于骨折类型中的A类。A1型为经转子的简单骨折,分两部分。内侧骨皮质仍有良好的支撑,外侧皮质保持完好。分为三个亚型,分别为经转子间线,经大转子以及经小转子。A2型为经转子的粉碎性骨折,内侧和后方骨皮质在数个平面上破裂,但外侧骨皮质保持完好。A2分为三个亚型,分别为有一内侧骨折块(A2.1),有数块内侧骨折块(A2.2),在小转子下延伸超过1CM(A2.3)。A3型为反转子间骨折,骨折线通过外侧骨皮质,分为三亚型,分别为斜型、横型以及粉碎性。其中,A1、A2.1为稳定性骨折,A2.2、A2.3型为不稳定性骨折。

AO classification

In 1981, in the AO classification, intertrochantericfractures were all classified as Class A in the fracture type. Type A1 is asimple fracture through the rotor and is divided into two parts. The medialcortical bone still has good support and the lateral cortex remains intact.Divided into three sub-types, respectively, through the inter-rotor line,through the large rotor and through the small rotor. Type A2 is a comminutedfracture through the trochanter, and the medial and posterior cortical bonesrupture in several planes, but the lateral cortical bone remains intact. A2 isdivided into three subtypes, one with a medial fracture block (A2.1) andseveral medial fracture blocks (A2.2), which extend more than 1 CM (A2.3) underthe small trochanter. Type A3 is a reversal inter-fracture fracture. Thefracture line passes through the lateral cortical bone and is divided intothree subtypes, which are oblique, transverse and comminuted. Among them, A1and A2.1 are stable fractures, and A2.2 and A2.3 are unstable fractures.

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