1. 各个国家的模具工业。
在模具的生产和消费国中，中国大陆的模具制造商和从业人员，占据世界最大一部分。国有企业占总数的70%，外资企业也占了很大的比例。一些大的模具工厂拥有600-700个员工，有的甚至有上千的模具工人。以Cik mold公司为例，它是ISO９００１认证的大型企业，在国内专门生产塑料注塑模，模具制作加工，铸造型，橡胶模，模具设计，压铸模，它的员工几乎有６０００。中型企业有１５０-３００个工人，小型模具也至少有５０人。但是，其他国家的模具工业主要依靠中型和小型的模具工厂。
关于产品种类，日本和中国大陆主要集中在注塑模和塑料模上，２００９年的比例超过８０％。关于模具在市场上的应用，汽车模主要由日本，韩国，美国和德国制造，而电器和通讯模具主要产于中国。
关 于各个国家进出口情形，日本，南韩，德国是强大的模具出口导向国，而中国大陆和美国则是强大的模具进口导向国，因为他们国内的制造商无法满足广阔的模具市场需 求，不得不依靠进口。２００９年进出口国家的报告分析表明，大多数国家是临近国，但是不同的是日本集中于将模具出口到美国，但是鉴于中国的经济迅猛发展， 也已开始逐渐转移他的注意力，关注中国大陆模具市场。
关于薪水，根据２００９年美国对外贸易委员会在模具行业白皮书中宣布，德国的工程师薪水最高，接着是日本和美国，中国大陆的工程师工资最低。很明显，中国大陆和其他国家在人力成本上的差距是巨大的。
２.不同国家模具工业的优缺点。
技 术先进的国家，如日本，美国和德国，在设计，制造高精度复杂模具上遥遥领先，并且以大量研发人员为豪。日本的模具制造商注重抛光和磨削，而德国更加注重提 高效率和精度，以减少加工时间。在市场上，日本模具工业在模具供需上明显减弱。关于生产费用，下游工业和模具制造商逐渐将他们的生产地点转移到临近国家新 兴的工业区，和一些欠发达国家，以此减少人工成本，增强产品价格竞争力。但是，不可避免的就是会涉及技术的租赁问题，刺激这些国家投入更多的开发基金，扩大 加工和设计技术之间的差距。
对比以上提到的国家，中国大陆和韩国是技术欠缺的国家，但是却拥有廉价劳动力，这就为他们的产品争得了市场竞争力。
３.总结
总体来看，模具制造商主要是中型或小型公司。因此，他们经常会在筹备运营资本上遇到一些问题，对他们来说若没有来自政府的支持和税收优惠政策，他们是很难发展壮大的。除了中国大陆和南韩，其他国家面临着高劳动成本的压力，而解决这一问题的唯一途径就是提升产品附加值。
Major mold manufacturers in the world include Japan, Korea and mainland of China in Asia regions, USA from Americas and German in Europe areas. This article is aimed to introduce mold industry of each country and make analysis on competitiveness and differences of mold industry between China and other countries.
1. Mold Industry in Each Country
The number of mold manufacturers and employees in mainland of China contribute the most among the mold producing and consuming countries in the world. State-owned enterprises make up 70 percent of total, and foreign owned companies also constitute a larger portion. Some large mold factories own 600-700 employees and some even have thousands of mold workers. Take cikmold company, an ISO 9001 certified large-sized enterprise specialize in plastic injection mold, mold making, mould making, casting mould, rubber molds, mold design, die casting in China, for an example, there are more almost 6,000 employees in it. Middle-sized have 150-300 workers, while 50 at least in small mold factories. However, mold industry in other countries is mainly based on middle-sized and small factories.
As regard to product category, Japan and China mainland focused on injection mold and plastic mold in and achieved to a rate exceeding 80 per cent at total. For application in the market, car molds are most made by Japan, Korean, America and German, while electronics and telecommunication molds are main products made in China.
According to the status of import and export of each country, Japan, South Korea and German are strong mold export oriented countries while China mainland and America are powerful mold import oriented countries as their domestic manufactures are unable to fill the large mold market demand and have to rely on import. Analysis on report of importing and exporting countries shows that most of the countries are neighbor hood but unusually Japan focused on exporting molds to America and is changing its attention to china mainland due to rapid economic development in china.
In terms of salary, according to mold industry white paper announced by America board of foreign trade, engineers from Germany are paid the most, and then Japan and America, China mainland the least. Obviously, there is a big gap in labor cost between China mainland and other countries.
2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Mold Industry in Each Country
Technologically advanced countries like Japan, America, and Germany are ahead in designing and making high-precision and compound mold and boast a large number of skilled research and development employees. Japanese mold manufactures focus on polishing and grinding, while Germans prefer to improve efficiency and precision in order to save time of processing. In the market, Japan mold industry is a evident decline in output or domestic demand. In respect of operating costs, facing with high salary and welfare, downstream industries and mold manufacturer gradually change their product places to neighboring emerging industrial park and less advanced countries so as to reduce labor cost and strength price competitiveness. However, this tend will unavoidably cause a lease of technology and stimulate these countries to input much more development funds and widen the gas in processing and designing technology.
Comparing with the countries referred above, China mainland and Korea are lack in technology but boasts large cheap labor which makes their product more competitive in market.
3. Conclusion
As a whole, mold manufacturers are mainly middle and small sized. Therefore, they often meet difficulties when collecting operating costs and it’s very hard for them to stay strong without support from government and tax preferences. Except China mainland and South Korea, other countries are facing with high labor cost and the only way to get rid of the problem is to rise up added value of product.
