I． 要点
英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种：
（１） 动词＋介词
常见的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：
Don"t laugh at others.I didn"t care about it.
（２） 动词＋副词
常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：You"ll hand in your homework tomorrow.Please don"t forget to hand it in.
（３） 动词＋副词＋介词
常见的有look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：
All his money added up to no more than $100.
After a short rest, he went on with his research work.
（４） 动词＋名词＋介词
常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：
You should pay attention to your handwriting.We should make full use of our time.
（５） 动词＋形容词
常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：
The prisoners were set free.
He cut it open.
（６） 动词＋名词
常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：
This story took place three years ago.
I make friends with a lot of people.
（7）辨析
①give away(让给，暴露)
give up（放弃，停止）
②put away（放起，收起）
put out （扑灭）
③turn up（出席，放大）
turn on （打开）
④keep out（阻止）
keep off （不让靠近）
⑤make up（编造，补上）
make out（辨认）
⑥take off（脱，起飞）
take out（拿出）
II． 例题
例１It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.
A put away B kept up
C given away D laid up
解析：该题正确答案为Ａ。意为"存"；keep up意为"继续"；give away意为"分发"；lay up"贮藏"。
例２ Here"s my card. Let"s keep in ____.
A touch B relation
C connection D friendship
解析：该题正确答案为A. keep in touch为短语动词，意为"保持联系"。
例３ ____! There"s a train coming.
A Look out B Look around
C Look forward D Look on
解析：该题选A. look out 意为"小心"。
