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100字范文 > 初中英语老师熬夜整理:9大时态 3大从句 70个核心句型 一次掌握!可打印

初中英语老师熬夜整理:9大时态 3大从句 70个核心句型 一次掌握!可打印

时间:2019-06-24 00:00:22

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初中英语老师熬夜整理:9大时态 3大从句 70个核心句型 一次掌握!可打印

英语语法一直都是初中英语学习的重点和难点,我们都知道一个学习英语的规律,语法知识掌握得越好,英语成绩就会越好。

今天叶子老师给家长和孩子们分享的是初中英语语法的9大时态、6大词法、3大从句、20个核心句型,这些知识都最实用的重要考点,家长们可以打印出来让孩子们认真学习!

九种基本时态

一、一般现在时

表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态。

常和always , often , usually , sometimes , every day等表时间的状语连用。

如:1) I go to school every day . 我每天都去学校。(表经常)

2) He is always like that . 他总是那样。(表状态)

构成:

1)主语 + be (am / are / is ) +……

2)主语 + 实义动词 + …

二、一般过去时

1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday , last week , in 1998 , two days ago等。

如:I went to a movie yesterday. 我昨天去看了一场电影。

2) 也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

如: He always went to work by bike last week.

构成:

1)主语 + be (was / were ) +……

2)主语 + 实义动词过去式 +…

三、现在进行时

表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作。

如:He is singing.They are watching TV now.

构成:

主语 + 助动词be(am/are/is) + 动词-ing形式构成

四、过去进行时

表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间除了有上下文暗示外,一般用时间状语来表示。

如:

1) ---What were you doing?

---I was jumping.

2) ---What was the boy doing when the UFO arrived?

---He was sleeping.

构成:

主语 + 助动词be(was/were) + 动词-ing形式构成.

五、一般将来时

表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。

常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如:tomorrow, next week, next year, in the future等。

如:

He will go shopping tomorrow.They are going to play basketball next week.

构成:

1)主语 + 助动词will + 动原 +…

2)主语 + be going to + 动原 + ….

六、过去将来时

表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

构成:

1)主语(第一人称) + 助动词should + 动原 +…

2)主语 + would + 动原 + ….

3)主语 + was/ were going to +动原…

用法:过去将来时除了上下文暗示外,一般常用在间接引语中,主句谓语动词为过去时态。

如:

1) I should go.

2) You knew I would come.

3) They were going to Naning.

七、现在完成时

构成:主语 + 助动词 ( have / has ) + 动词过去分词 +…

用法:表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果

如:---Have you had your lunch yet?

---Yes, I have. (现在我不饿了。)

八、现在完成进行时

表示从过去某一时间开始持续到现在的动作。这一动作可能是刚刚开始,也可能仍在继续,并可能延续到将来。

构成:主语 + 助动词 (have / has ) + been + 动词-ing +…

如:

1) I have been sitting here for an hour.

2) She has been collecting stamps for about 6 years.

九、过去完成时

构成:主语 + 助动词 had + 动词过去分词 +…

用法:表示过去在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示的动作发生的时间是”过去的过去”。

表示过去某一时间可用by,before 等构成的短语,也可用when,before等引导的从句或者通过上下文表示。

如:I had finished my homework when my mom came back home.

词 法

名词

1. 名词的可数与不可数

可数名词指表示的人或事物可以用数来计量,它有单数与复数两种形式。不可数名词指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目,来统计,都成为不可数名词。

不可数名词前一般不能用冠词a、an来表示数量,没有复数形式。要表示“一个……”这一概念,就须加a piece of这一类短语。要注意许多名词在汉语里看来是可数名词,在英语里却不可数。如:chalk,paper,bread,rice,grass,news等。

2. 名词复数的规则变化

A.一般情况下加-s。

B.以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的加-es

C.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y为i再加-es

D.以f,fe结尾的,去掉f或fe,变成v再加-es

3. 名词的所有格

A. 单数名词词尾加’s,复数名词词尾若没有s,也要加’s。

如:the worker's bike,the Children’ s ball

B. 表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人的名字后加’ s若表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后' s。

如:This is Lucy and Licy' s room.

These are Kate's and jack' s rooms.

C. 如果是通过在词尾加—s构成的复数形式的名词,只加’。

如:the students' books,the girls' blouses

(另外:名词+of+名词名词是有生命的,我们就用’s结构来表示所有关系。如果名词所表示的事物是无生命的,我们就要用名词+of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。)

代词

人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,不定代词

1. 人称代词

第一人称单数

I me my mine myself

复数 we us our ours ourselves

第二人称

单数 you you your yours yourself

复数 you you your yours yourselves

第三人称

单数 he him his his himself

she her her hers herself

it it its its itself

复数 they them their theirs themselves

2. 物主代词

物主代词的用法:形容词性物主代词后面一定要跟上一个名词;

名词性物主代词可作主语、表语、宾语。

3. 反身代词

反身代词的构成分两种:第一、二人称反身代词在形容词性物主代词后加上self或selves,第三人称的反身代词在宾格代词后加上self或selves.

反身代词的用法:一种是作宾语,由主语发出的动作又回到动作者本身。如:I enjoyed myself at the party. 另一种是作名词或代词的同位语;用来加强语气。如:I can do it myself.

4. 指示代词

指示代词的特殊用法:

(1)为了避免重复,可用that,those代替前面提到过的名词,但是this,these不可以。

(2)this,that有时可代替句子或句子中的一部分。

5. 不定代词

one, some, any, other, another, all, both, each, neither, many, much等

冠词

1. 不定冠词an用在元音读音开头(不是指元音字母)的词前,其余用不定冠词a.

2. 定冠词的基本用法

A. 用在重新提到的人或事物前面。

B. 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物前面。

C. 用在单数可数名词前面,表示某一类人或事物。

3. 定冠词的特殊用法

A. 用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位名词前。

B. 用在序数词、形容词的最高级及only所修饰的名词前。

C. 用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称前面。

D. 用在由普通名词和另外一些词所构成的专有名词前面。

E. 用在姓氏的复数形式前面,表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人。

F. 用在乐器名称前。

G. 和某些形容词连用,表示某一类人或事物。

4. 名词前不用冠词的情况

A. 在专有名词 (包括人名、地名、节日、月份、季节) 、物质名词和抽象名词前—般不用冠词。但在以Festival组成的民间节日前要加the。

B. 表示一类人或事物的复数名词前。

C. 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时,不用冠词。

D. 三餐饭、球类、棋类、游戏名称前一般不用冠词。正在有些词组中,有无冠词含义不同。

(sit) at table就餐; sit at the table坐在桌边

go to school去上学;go to the school去那所学校;in hospital住院;in the hospital在那个医院里

数词

1. 数字的表示

三位数数词要在百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and。

1,000以上的数字,从后向前第三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand,第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion。

2. 序数词除了first,second,third外,其余都在基数词尾加-th构成。

3. 分数分子在前,分母在后,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1小时,分母序数词要变成复数。

4. hundreds(thousands,millions)of……

形容词、副词

1. 形容词的位置

A. 形容词作定语一般要放在名词前面,但当形容词修饰不定代词something,nothing,anything时要放在所修饰的不定代词之后。如:something important,nothing serious。

B. 当形容词带有表示度量的词或词组作定语或表语时,定语或表语要后置。如:

We have dug a hole two meters deep.

The hole is about two meters deep.

2. 形容词的比较等级

单音节词和少数双音节词,在词尾加—(e)r,—(e)st来构成比较级和最高级。其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级。如:

popular———more popular———most popular

important—more important—most important

3. 副词的比较等级

单音节副词和个别双音节副词通过加-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。绝大多数副词借助more,most来构成比较级和最高级。

4. 少数形容词和副词比较级/最高级的不规则变化:

原级 比较级 最高级

well —— better —— best

badly —— worse —— worst

much —— more —— most

little —— less —— least

far —— farther —— farthest

farthest furthest

late —— later —— latest

5. 副词的最高级前面可以不加定冠词the。

介词

1. 表示时间的介词及介词短语

in, at, on, before,after,till,since,for, from to, until, by,in the middle of,at the beginning of, at the end of,at half past five,at night,in a week,in the morning,in class,at sunrise, in spring/summer/autumn/winter,on Sunday,on Saturday afternoon,on a winter evening,for a long time,for two months,after school,since liberation,before lunch,at the time of,at the age of

2. 表示地点的介词及介词短语

in,at,into,to,on,beside,before,behind,above,under,outside, inside, up, from, far, from, near, across, off, down, among, past,between,out of,around,in the front of, in the middle of, at the back of,at the foot of,at home,at the gate,at the table,in the sky, on the ground,in a tree, in the south,in the sun,in the bed,on one's way home,by the side of

三大从句

从句是指在一个句子中充当一个成分的句子,充当什么成分就叫什么从句,如:充当宾语就叫宾语从句,充当定语成分就叫定语从句

从以上定义中我们可以得出关于从句的一个最大特点:从句是句子。

宾语从句

宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子。

如:He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.

1.宾语从句的连接词:宾语从句的连接词包括that、if/whether(是否)、特殊疑问词

2.宾语从句的语序:

A. 宾语从句的连接词后一般加陈述语序(主语在前,谓语在后),如:I want to know if he can come tomorrow.

B. 当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时,后面直接加谓语动词,如:She asked me who had helped him.

3.宾语从句的时态只要记住以下口诀就可以了“主现则从任,主过则从过,客观真理一般现

A. 主现则从任:主句如果是一般现在时,则从句根据时间状语需要从八种时态中任选一种

如:He tells me he likes English very much(一般现在时)

B. 主过则从过:主句如果是一般过去时,则从句根据时间状语需要从四种带“过”字的时态中任选一种,带“过”字的时态分别是如:一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时。

如:He told me that he liked playing football(一般过去时)

C. 客观真理一般现:客观真理永远用一般现在时。

如:He says the moon goes around the earth.

状语从句

1.时间状语从句:在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。

连接词:when(当……时候)while(当……时候)as(当……时候)after(在……以后)before(在……以前)as soon as(一……就)since(自从……到现在)till /until(直到……才)by the time(到……为止)依旧是连接词后大多数加陈述语序。

举例:when当……的时候(一般情况下主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时。)

Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.

2. 原因状语从句:在一个句子中作原因状语的句子。

连接词:由连词because, since,as引导, 也可由for,now that等词引导。

举例:I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.

3. 条件状语从句:在一个句子中作条件状语的句子。

连接词:if如果,unless (=if not)除非。(让步)

举例:If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go hiking.

4. 目的、结果状语从句

目的状语从句是指在一个句子中充当目的状语的句子。

结果状语从句是指在一个句子中充当结果状语的句子。

目的状语从句连接词:so that, so…that , in order that引导。

结果状语从句连接词:so…that, such…that, so much/many…that引导。

举例:so…that 如此…以至于

The scientist’s report was so instructive that we were all very excited.

5. 让步状语从句

让步状语从句是指在句子中作让步的状语的句子。

连接词:though, although.,whether…or not

举例:Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.

定语从句

定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分。

如:I will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flower.(中beautiful就是定语)

定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。

如:I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.

连接词:

连接代词:who、which、whom、whose、that

连接副词:when、where、why

初中英语英语必备句型70句

初中必备重点句型(一)

1. allow sb to do sth 允许某人去做某事(后接动词不定式)

My father allowed me to go out for a walk after finishing my homework.

2. asked sb (not) to do sth 叫某人做事某事(叫某人不要去做某事)

My father asked me to study hard.

He asked me not to swim alone.

be asked to do sth 被叫去做某事/被邀请去做某事

I was asked to have a dinner with them yesterday.

3. be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事

She is afraid to ask me questions.

4. be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事

I am afraid of going out at night.

5. be afraid of sth 害怕某物

He is afraid of snakes.

6. be amazed to do sth 对做某事感到惊讶

He was amazed to meet the girl there.

be amazed at sth 对某事感到惊讶

they were amazed at the news.

7. be busy doing/with sth 忙于做某事(常考)

I was busy washing my car at that time. 那时候我正忙于清洗我的车子。

I am busy with my work.

8. becoming/going/leaving/flying/moving/dying(某些位移动词用进行时态时表将来)

the bus is coming/the dog is dying.

9. be excited to do sth 对做……感到兴奋

Jacky was excited to travel there by plane.

be excited at sth

Lily was excited at his words.

be excited about doing sth

10. be frightened to do sth 害怕去做某事

Sam is frightened to ride a horse.

初中必备重点句型(二)

11.be glad/happy to do sth 高兴去做某事

she is happy to clean the blackboard with me.

be pleased to do sth高兴做某事

she was pleased to help the old man yesterday.

be pleased with sth 对某事感到高兴/满意

the teacher was pleased with my answer.

12.be interested in sth/doing sth 对某事感兴趣/对做某事感兴趣

she is interested in swimming in the river.

My brother is interested in Chinese.

13. be/get ready for/to do sth

Be ready for sth 为某事做好了准备

We are ready for the exam.

Be ready to do sth 为做某事做好了准备

We are ready to have a birthday party for her.

get ready for sth为某事在做准备

We are getting ready for the exam.

13. be sorry to do sth 对做某事感到抱歉

14. be surprised to do sth 对做某事感到惊奇

be surprised at sth 对某事感到惊奇

15. be worth doing sth 值得做某事(worth后接动词-ing形式,常考)

16.开始去做某事

begin to do sth

begin/start to do/doing sth

17. can/be able to afford (to buy) sth 有能力购买(供)……

18. can/may/must do sth could/would/should/might do sth

19. can't wait to do sth 迫不急待地去做某事

20. decide to do sth 决定去做某事

make up one's mind to do sth 下决心去做某事(常考)

make a decision to do sth 对做某事作出决定

初中必备重点句型(三)

21. deserve to do sth值得/应该做……

22. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人去做某事

23. enjoy doing sth 乐意去做某事

24. expect (sb) to do sth 期望去做某事

25. fail to do sth 做某事失败

succeed doing sth 成功做了某事

26. finish doing sth 做完某事(后接动词-ing形式)(常考)

27. follow sb to do sth 跟随某人去做某事

28.让某人做某事(后接动词原形)

get sb to do sth

make sb do sth

let sb do sth

29. get/have a chance to do sth 得到一个做某事的机会

30. give/pass/show/lend/sell sb sth/sth to sb

buy/get/bring sb sth/sth for sb

初中必备重点句型(四)

31. go on to do sth 继续做事(常考)

go on doing sth 继续做事(常考)

32. hate to do/doing sth 讨厌/不喜欢做某事

33. have fun doing sth

34. have problems doing sth 做某事遇到困难

35.让某人做某事(后接动词原形)

have sb do sth

have sth done

have sth to do 工有事要做

36. hear sb do sth 听到某人做某事(后接动词原形,常考)

hear sb doing sth 听到某人正在做某事(常见)

37. help to do sth 帮忙做某事

help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事

38. hope/wish to do sth 希望做某事

wish sb to do sth 希望某人做某事

39. I t seems that 这像是……(后接从句)

seem to do sth

seem +adj

40. It's + adj+(for sb) to do sth .

It's+adj +(of sb) to do sth

It's glad for him to hear the news.

初中必备重点句型(五)

41. It takes sb some time/money to do sth . 花费某人多长时间做某事(常考)

42. pay …for… cost spend…on….. it take …to do sth

43. It's best for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是最好的

had better do sth 最好做某事(注意had没有时态和人称的变化,better后接动词原形)

44. It's time for sb to do sth 是某人做某事的时候了

45. keep (on)doing sth 坚持做某事(常考)

keep sb doing sth 让某人做某事(常考)

keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事(常考)

keep sb/sth +adj

keep the book for 2 days 借这本书两天(不要用borrow或lend)

46. learn to do sth 学做某事

learn sth from sb 向某人学习

47. like to do/doing sth 喜欢做某事

like sb to do sth 喜欢某人做某事

48. need to do sth 需要做某事

need doing sth/to be done

need sth needn't do sth

49. prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿……而不愿……(常考)

prefer doing sth to doing sth 喜欢做……胜过做……

I prefer reading books to going shopping. 比起购物来,我更爱读书。

prefer to do sth 喜欢(爱)做某事

50. refuse to do sth拒绝做……

初中必备重点句型(六)

51.(常考)

remember/forget to do sth 记得/忘记做某事

remember/forget doing sth 记得/忘记做过某事

52. see sb do sth 看见某人做某事(结果)

see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事(正在进行中)

be seen to do sth 做某事被看见

53. something to eat/drink 一些吃/喝的东西(词不定式放在something等后修饰这些词)

I need something to eat. 我要一些吃的东西。

54. spend some time (in)doing sth /on sth花费时间做某事(注意动词要用ing形式)(常考)

spend some money on sth/doing sth 买……花了多少钱

55. Sth is hard/difficult/easy to do . 做好某事很难/容易

56. stop to do sth 停下来去某事(两件事)(常考)

stop doing sth 停止做某事 (一件事)(常考)

stop sb (from) doing sth 阻止某人做某事(常考)

57. take turns to do sth 轮流做……

58. tell sb (not) to do sth 叫某人去(不要)做某事

be told to do sth 被告知不要做某事

59. There is no need (for sb) to do sth对某人来说没必要做某事

60. There is no time (for sb ) to do sth

have no time to do sth 没时间做某事

初中必备重点句型(七)

61. too…(for sb) to …太……以致不能……so… that… not… enough to do

The boy is too young to go to school. 那男孩太小了以致不能上学。

62. try/do one's best to do sth 尽力去做某事

try to do sth 试着(图)做某事

63. used to do sth 过去常做某事( used to be + adj/a +n)

Mr. Wang used to be a teacher worker. 王先生过去是一位工人。

I used to live in the country. 过去我住在农村。

64. want/would like to do sth 想做……

want/would like sb to do sth 想某人做……

feel like doing sth 喜爱做某事(注意like后接动词ing形式)

65. warn sb (not) to do sth 警告某人做某事(或不要做某事)

66.为什么不……(表建议的句型,注意用动词原形)

Why don't you do sth ?

Why not do sth ?

表示建议的句型还有:What How about……?(如果是动词,要用ing形式)

Shall we……?

67. Would you like (sb) to do sth ?Yes, I'd love to .

68. Would you mind doing sth ? 你介意做某事吗?

Never mind/Not at all/of course not/certainly not . (从不介意/一点也不介意/当然不会了)

69. Would you please (not) do sth 你可不可以不做……?

70. finish doing sth enjoy doing sth practise doing sth

be good at doing sth stop sb from doing sth go on doing sth

be busy doing sth see/hear/watch sb doing sth

feel like doing sth hate doing sth like doing sth

do well in doing sth be afraid of doing sth

be interested in doing sth make a contribution to

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