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100字范文 > 非谓语动词复合结构——动词不定式 动名词和分词的逻辑主语

非谓语动词复合结构——动词不定式 动名词和分词的逻辑主语

时间:2018-10-15 12:19:12

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非谓语动词复合结构——动词不定式 动名词和分词的逻辑主语

非谓语动词是英汉两种语言最大差异之一。

当动词在句子中不作谓语,而是作主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语或补足语时,

形式上要进行转换,用to do,doing和done。

一般来说,有时候泛指一个行为,就没有具体的施动者,也就不需要逻辑主语:

To blow the bridge is nothing.

炸掉这座桥不算什么。

(to blow 没有逻辑主语,这里并没有指由谁去炸桥)

Its not necessary to get into all of it.

没必要把这一切都搞清楚。

逻辑上非谓语动词所表示的动词的主语就是它们所修饰的名词或代词(作状语修饰句子,逻辑主语为句子主语)。

Staying in bed for over a week, she longs for some sunlight.

在床上躺了一个多星期,她渴望见到阳光。

(现在分词staying的逻辑主语就是句子主语she)

Im glad to be working with you.

我很高兴能和你一起工作。

(动词不定式to be working的逻辑主语就是句子主语I)

I don want this material to be stored too far from the bridge.

我不想把这些材料存放在离桥太远的地方。

(to be stored的逻辑主语为this material)

There is smokecoming from the millhouse.

磨坊里冒出烟来。

(coming的逻辑主语就是smoke)

He sat now by the stream watching the clear water flowing between the rocks.

他现在坐在小溪边,看着清澈的水在岩石间流动。

(watching的逻辑主语是he;flowing的逻辑主语是water)

Anselmo said, bent under the pack.

安塞尔莫说,(在背包的重压下)弯下腰。

(过去分词bent的逻辑主语为Anselmo)

"I have my hair cut as it needs it," Robert Jordan said.

“我的头发理的很合乎需要,”罗伯特·乔丹说道。

(过去分词cut 的逻辑主语是my hair)

但有时,他们在逻辑上与句子主语或宾语无关,就要用加上自己的主语。下面我将分别为大家做简单的介绍,希望大家觉得实用!

一、动词不定式 to do

动词不定式如果需要独立的逻辑的主语,即它所表示的动作有施动者,一般在to do前加for或of+施动者:

Now its too late for you tochange.

现在你要改变已经太晚了。

And Robert Jordan knew it was for him to admire the horses.

罗伯特·乔丹知道他该由他来夸一夸这些马了。

Its advisable for all family members to talk over their feelings about it.

明智的做法是,所有的家庭成员都谈谈他们对此的感受。

Its very kind of you to help me.

你能帮助我真是太好了。

It was stupid of you to have made such a mistake.

你竟犯了这样的错误真是愚蠢。

用for还是of连接,要看前面的形容词,如果形容词只修饰动词不定式表示的这件事,就用for;如果形容词既表示这件事,也可以修饰这个人,就用of。不知道大家是否注意到了?

二、动名词 doing

和分词不同,动名词基本转化成了名词,弱化了动词所表示的动作。

我们可以在动名词前面加形容词性物主代词或名词所有格来表示其逻辑主语(即说清楚动作是谁做出的问题)

His being sick is a bad news to all of us.

他生病了对我们大家都是个坏消息。

My missing the early train made me late for two hours.

错过早班火车使我迟到了两个小时。

The birds singing woke me up at five.

鸟儿的歌声在五点钟把我吵醒了。

Immigrants coming to the country is making some people angry.

移民的到来使一些人很生气。

如果在句子中做宾语,亦可以直接用人称代词的宾格或名词。

We appreciate your/you taking the time to read our report.

感谢您抽出时间阅读我们的报告。

We held a party for Yanglins/Yanglinwinning the contest.

我们为杨林赢得比赛举行了庆祝晚会。

What do you think about his/him buying such an expensive car?

他买这么贵的车,你是怎么看的?

三、分词 doing和done

分词在作状语时,如果逻辑主语不是句子主语,我们在分词前直接加上逻辑主语。语法上一般称为“独立主格结构”:

Evenings he read aloud, his wife sewing by his side.

晚上他大声朗读,妻子在他身边缝衣服。Two days having elapsed, we again set forward.

两天过去了,我们又出发了。

Odysseus comes to shore, the skin tornfrom his hands, the sea water gushing from his mouth and nostrils.

奥德修斯来到岸边,手上的皮肤被撕裂,海水从他的口和鼻孔中涌出。

His first marriage having ended in divorce,Norton vowed never to marry again.

第一次婚姻以离婚告终后,诺顿就发誓再也不结婚了。

It can be successful with the bridge eliminated.

把桥毁掉了,这一战是可能打胜的。

With the two men climbing ahead of him, they went heavily.

两个人在他前面攀登,他们艰难地往上走。

Beside the opening, a man sat with his back against the rock, his legs stretched out on the ground and his carbine leaning against the rock.

洞口坐着一个人,背靠石壁,伸着双腿,搁在地上,他的卡宾枪靠在石壁上。

“with +名词/代词+形容词/介词短语/副词/动词不定式/现在分词/过去分词”在英语中也是很普遍的哦。

注:部分例句选自海明威名著For whom the bell tolls,推荐给大家!

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