爬虫之模拟登录、自动获取cookie值、验证码识别
1、爬取网页分析2、验证码识别3、cookie自动获取4、程序源代码chaojiying.pysign in.py1、爬取网页分析
爬取的目标网址为：/
在登陆界面需要做的工作有，获取验证码图片，并识别该验证码，才能实现登录。
使用浏览器抓包工具可以看到，登陆界面请求头包括cookie和user-agent，故在发送请求时需要这两个数据。其中user-agent可通过手动添加到请求头中，而cookie值需要自动获取。
分析完毕，实践开始！！！
2、验证码识别
（1）基于线上打码平台识别验证码
（2）打码平台：超级鹰、云打码、打码兔
该项目使用超级鹰打码平台完成。网站链接：/
将下载好的源码进行封装
3、cookie自动获取
import requestsheaders = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.163 Safari/537.36",#手动处理cookie# "Cookie": "acw_tc=2760820816186635434807019e3f39e1bf4a8a9b9ad20b50586fb6c8184f56; xq_a_token=520e7bca78673752ed71e19b8820b5eb854123af; xqat=520e7bca78673752ed71e19b8820b5eb854123af; xq_r_token=598dda88240ff69f663261a3bf4ca3d9f9700cc0; xq_id_token=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9.eyJ1aWQiOi0xLCJpc3MiOiJ1YyIsImV4cCI6MTYyMTIxOTc0OSwiY3RtIjoxNjE4NjYzNTE1MDI1LCJjaWQiOiJkOWQwbjRBWnVwIn0.BGdEgnctB-rv0Xiu8TxrBEshPF4w0StKOE5jKTxy8OFz_pLwNl5VK9v2e8jyU4jaQt9xZTvgsPiYYbiIgmUUpPkamuT0pITHOFoNoKFYFz0syxQMuuAa93pPvSJxeCutqod4cvdWt6f4iRjtHyjAY0zVrv3xLi2ksc9noSf9sH3eLVu9Yjr3PzbF1QDzbXyQsX7oS5Y5Iwt2p-XartCGMlKWzWz9TPiFc3oZ6o7CMWu7Tvfb5D2XGlIU6L8wlPBMwoz2Zdy_zQif9itUqoBvQjNIa3E6UYag-vlY7nNFSDJh0UCobapBjdNITBVVvwFtYn6C-R16y6O8S5iko4E59g; u=461618663543485; Hm_lvt_1db88642e346389874251b5a1eded6e3=1618663545; device_id=24700f9f1986800ab4fcc880530dd0ed; Hm_lpvt_1db88642e346389874251b5a1eded6e3=1618664825"}session = requests.Session() # 创建session对象# 第一次使用session，捕获请求cookieurl = '/user/login.aspx?from=/user/collect.aspx'page_text = session.get(url = url,headers = headers).text# 解析验证码图片地址tree = etree.HTML(page_text)img_src = '/' + tree.xpath('//*[@id="imgCode"]/@src')[0]# 将验证码图片保存到本地img_data = session.get(img_src,headers = headers).contentwith open('./code.jpg','wb') as fp:fp.write(img_data)
4、程序源代码
chaojiying.py
#!/usr/bin/env python# coding:utf-8import requestsfrom hashlib import md5class Chaojiying_Client(object):def __init__(self, username, password, soft_id):self.username = usernamepassword = password.encode('utf8')self.password = md5(password).hexdigest()self.soft_id = soft_idself.base_params = {'user': self.username,'pass2': self.password,'softid': self.soft_id,}self.headers = {'Connection': 'Keep-Alive','User-Agent': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0)',}def PostPic(self, im, codetype):"""im: 图片字节codetype: 题目类型 参考 /price.html"""params = {'codetype': codetype,}params.update(self.base_params)files = {'userfile': ('ccc.jpg', im)}r = requests.post('/Upload/Processing.php', data=params, files=files, headers=self.headers)return r.json()def ReportError(self, im_id):"""im_id:报错题目的图片ID"""params = {'id': im_id,}params.update(self.base_params)r = requests.post('/Upload/ReportError.php', data=params, headers=self.headers)return r.json()if __name__ == '__main__':chaojiying = Chaojiying_Client('超级鹰用户名', '超级鹰用户名的密码', '96001')#用户中心>>软件ID 生成一个替换 96001im = open('a.jpg', 'rb').read()#本地图片文件路径 来替换 a.jpg 有时WIN系统须要//print(chaojiying.PostPic(im, 1902))#1902 验证码类型 官方网站>>价格体系 3.4+版 print 后要加()
sign in.py
# 模拟登录# 流程：1 对点击登录按钮对应的请求进行发送（post请求）#2 处理请求参数：# 用户名 密码 验证码 其他防伪参数import requestsfrom lxml import etreefrom chaojiying_Python.chaojiying import Chaojiying_Clientheaders = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.163 Safari/537.36",}# 封装好的验证码识别函数def tranformImgCode(imgPath,imgType):chaojiying = Chaojiying_Client('用户名', '密码', '软件ID') # 用户中心>>软件ID 生成一个替换 软件IDim = open(imgPath, 'rb').read()#本地图片文件路径 来替换 a.jpg 有时WIN系统须要//return(chaojiying.PostPic(im, imgType))['pic_str']# 自动获取cookiesession = requests.Session()# 识别验证码url = '/user/login.aspx?from=/user/collect.aspx'page_text = session.get(url = url,headers = headers).text# 解析验证码图片地址tree = etree.HTML(page_text)img_src = '/' + tree.xpath('//*[@id="imgCode"]/@src')[0]# 将验证码图片保存到本地img_data = session.get(img_src,headers = headers).contentwith open('./code.jpg','wb') as fp:fp.write(img_data)# 识别验证码code_text = tranformImgCode('./code.jpg',1902)print(code_text)login_url = '/user/login.aspx?from=http%3a%2f%%2fuser%2fcollect.aspx'data = {'__VIEWSTATE': 'frn5Bnnr5HRYCoJJ9fIlFFjsta310405ClDr+hy0/V9dyMGgBf34A2YjI8iCAaXHZarltdz1LPU8hGWIAUP9y5eLjxKeYaJxouGAa4YcCPC+qLQstMsdpWvKGjg=','__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR': 'C93BE1AE','from': '/user/collect.aspx','email': '用户名', # 更换自己的用户名'pwd': '密码',# 更换自己的密码'code': code_text,'denglu': '登录'}# 对点击登录按钮发起请求,获取登录成功后对应的页面源码数据page_text_login = session.post(url = login_url,data = data,headers = headers).textwith open('./gushiwen.html','w',encoding = 'utf-8') as fp:fp.write(page_text_login)
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