参考链接: Python中的类或静态变量
原文地址:/0705-yilushangyouni-Jacksu/p/6238187.html
Python-类变量,成员变量,静态变量,类方法,静态方法,实例方法,普通函数
#coding:utf-8
class class_name(object):
class_var = 'I am a class variable' #类变量
def __init__(self):
self.instance_var = 'I am a instance varibale' #成员变量(实例变量)
def instance_method(self, formal_parameter):
local_var_in_function = formal_parameter #实例方法局部变量
self.local_var_also_in_function = formal_parameter #实例方法局部变量
def ordinary_function(formal_parameter):
print "I am an ordinary function, I can't vist class var and intance var"
print self.instance_var #报错,因此普通函数无法访问成员函数
print clacc_var#报错,因此普通函数无法访问类变量
@classmethod
def class_method(cls, formal_parameter): #类方法
print 'I am class method, I can visit class var and instance var'
print 'I am class method, I am modifying the instance var'
cls.instance_var = formal_parameter
print cls.instance_var
print 'I am class method, I am modifying the class var'
class_var = formal_parameter
print class_var
@staticmethod
def static_method(formal_parameter):
print 'I am static method, I am the Adopted son(干儿子) for this class!!'
print "I can't modify anything in the class "
#print class_var
#print self.instance_var
print 'Get a class instance'
class_instance = class_name()
print '\r'
print "My name is class_instance, I can call class_method, " \
"statics_method, instance_method and instance_method, but I can't call ordinary_function"
print "I can show you:"
print '\r'
class_instance.class_method('class method is calling!!')
print '\r'
class_instance.static_method('static method in calling!!')
print '\r'
class_instance.instance_method('instance method is calling!!')
print '\r'
print 'class var is calling!!'
print class_instance.class_var
print '\r'
print 'instance var is calling!!'
print class_instance.instance_var
print '\r'
print 'Get a class!!'
print '\r'
print 'My name is class_name, I can call class_method, statics_method, instance_method, instance_method, and ordinary_function'
print "I can show you:"
print '\r'
class_name.class_method('class method is calling!!')
print '\r'
class_name.static_method('static method in calling!!')
print '\r'
#class_name.instance_method("instance method can't be calling!!")
print '\r'
print 'class var is calling!!'
print class_name.class_var
print '\r'
print 'instance var is calling!!'
print class_name.instance_var
print 'END!!'
Result:
Get a class instance
My name is class_instance, I can call class_method, statics_method, instance_method and instance_method, but I can't call ordinary_function I can show you:
I am class method, I can visit class var and instance var I am class method, I am modifying the instance var class method is calling!! I am class method, I am modifying the class var class method is calling!!
I am static method, I am the Adopted son(干儿子) for this class!! I can't modify anything in the class
class var is calling!! I am a class variable
instance var is calling!! I am a instance varibale
Get a class!!
My name is class_name, I can call class_method, statics_method, instance_method, instance_method, and ordinary_function I can show you:
I am class method, I can visit class var and instance var I am class method, I am modifying the instance var class method is calling!! I am class method, I am modifying the class var class method is calling!!
I am static method, I am the Adopted son(干儿子) for this class!! I can't modify anything in the class
class var is calling!! I am a class variable
instance var is calling!! class method is calling!! END!!
类变量:
类定义内部定义的变量(愚见,可以认为类内部没有self开头定义的变量,可以认为是类变量)
e.g. class_name中的class_var = 'I am a class variable' #类变量
成员变量:
类定义内部__init__函数内以self开头定义的变量
e.g. self.instance_var = 'I am a instance varibale' #成员变量(实例变量)
静态变量:
因为Python是动态语言,不存在完全静态的变量,这个概念查阅相关资料后认为指的就是类内部定义的类变量(欢迎指正)
类方法:
类内部定义的以@classmethod装饰的函数是类方法,类方法的调用关系可以通过print后的表述得知。
e.g.
@classmethod
def class_method(cls, formal_parameter): #类方法
print 'I am class method, I can visit class var and instance var'
print 'I am class method, I am modifying the instance var'
cls.instance_var = formal_parameter
print cls.instance_var
print 'I am class method, I am modifying the class var'
class_var = formal_parameter
print class_var
静态方法:
类内部定义的以@staticmethod装饰的函数,类方法的调用关系可以通过print后的表述得知。
e.g.
@staticmethod
def static_method(formal_parameter):
print 'I am static method, I am the Adopted son(干儿子) for this class!!'
print "I can't modify anything in the class "
#print class_var
#print self.instance_var
实例方法:
类内部定义的没有装饰器且第一个参数为self的函数,类方法的调用关系可以通过print后的表述得知。
e.g.
def instance_method(self, formal_parameter):
local_var_in_function = formal_parameter #实例方法局部变量
self.local_var_also_in_function = formal_parameter #实例方法局部变量
普通函数:
类内部定义的既没有装饰器,也没有参数self的函数,类方法的调用关系可以通过print后的表述得知。
e.g.
def ordinary_function(formal_parameter):
print "I am an ordinary function, I can't vist class var and intance var"
print self.instance_var #报错,因此普通函数无法访问成员函数
print clacc_var#报错,因此普通函数无法访问类变量
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