1.前言
目的：为了总结下之前用过的经典边缘检测算法sobel和canny
2.算法opencv官方讲解
（1）sobel
算法讲解
（2）canny
算法讲解
2.opencv-python代码
**注意：**由于数据未公开，所以没有提供数据来源，只需要填写path（图像的路径）即可运行，该代码可以实现以上两种算法，并且canny算法的阈值是可以通过滑动块来设置的。代码已有详细的注释。
import cv2# original imagepath =''original_image = cv2.imread(path, 1)cv2.imshow('original image', original_image)cv2.waitKey()# edge detection by sobelgray_image = cv2.cvtColor(original_image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) # 彩色也可以处理，但是最好是灰度图cv2.imshow('gray_image', gray_image)cv2.waitKey()x = cv2.Sobel(gray_image, cv2.CV_16S, 1, 0) # 对x求一阶导，垂直检测，一个图像左顶点才是圆点，垂直向下为x轴，水平向右为y轴y = cv2.Sobel(gray_image, cv2.CV_16S, 0, 1) # 对y求一阶导，水平检测absX = cv2.convertScaleAbs(x) # 实现将x转换为uint8类型,因为x会有正有负,转换到[0,255]absY = cv2.convertScaleAbs(y)cv2.imshow('absX', absX)cv2.waitKey()cv2.imshow('absY', absY)cv2.waitKey()sobel_image = cv2.addWeighted(absX, 0.5, absY, 0.5, 0)cv2.imshow('sobel_image', sobel_image)cv2.waitKey()# edge detection by canny with dynamic thresholdsgaussian_image = cv2.GaussianBlur(gray_image, (3, 3), 0) # 高斯核的长宽都是的正奇数， 高斯模糊会使图像模糊，但会滤除高斯类噪点cv2.imshow('gaussian_image', gaussian_image)cv2.waitKey()def nothing(x): # 每次滑动bar的时候，不需要额外的回调passcv2.namedWindow('canny with dynamic thresholds') # 给窗口命名cv2.createTrackbar('min', 'canny with dynamic thresholds', 0, 255, nothing) # 这里第二个参数必须是当前的窗口名,范围[0,255]cv2.createTrackbar('max', 'canny with dynamic thresholds', 0, 255, nothing)while(1):if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == 27: # ESC退出循环，关闭所有的窗口哦breakmaxVal = cv2.getTrackbarPos('max', 'canny with dynamic thresholds')minVal = cv2.getTrackbarPos('min', 'canny with dynamic thresholds')canny_image = cv2.Canny(gaussian_image, minVal, maxVal) # 范围[0,25*10.2]=[0,255]cv2.imshow('canny_image', canny_image)cv2.destroyAllWindows()
