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1、terfaceandimlementationinheritance,virtualfunctions,andoeratoroverloading❑Aconsistentandwelldefinedsetofbasictyes❑BuiltinsuortforautomaticgenerationofXMLdocumentation❑Automaticcleanuofdynamicallyallocatedmemory❑ThefacilitytomarkclassesormethodswithuserdefinedattributesThiscanbeusefulfordocumentationandcanhavesomeeffectsoncomilation(forexamle,markingmethodstobecomiledonlyindebugbuilds)❑FullaccesstotheNETbaseclassliary,aswellaseasyaccesstotheWindowsAPI(ifyoureallyneedit,whichwon’tbeallthatoften)❑Pointersanddirectmemoryaccessareavailableifrequired,butthelanguagehasbeendesignedinsuc
2、nguageitselfisverysimilartoJava,therearesomeimrovements:inarticular,JavaisnotdesignedtoworkwiththeNETenvironmentBeforeweleavethesubject,weshouldointoutacouleoflimitationsofCTheoneareathelanguageisnotdesignedforistimecriticalorextremelyhigherformancecodethekindwhereyoureallyareworriedaboutwhetheralootakes,or,machinecyclestorunthrough,andyouneedtocleanuyourresourcesthemillisecondtheyarenolongerneededC++islikelytocontinuetoreignsuremeamonglowlevellanguagesinthisareaClackscertainkeyfacilitiesneededforextremelyhigherformanceas,includingtheabilitytosecifyinlinefunctionsanddestructorst
3、gethatretainssomeofthebasicVBsyntaxbutthatissodifferentindesignthatwecanconsiderittobe,forallracticaluroses,anewlanguageIt’sinthiscontextthatMicrosofthasdecidedtogivedeveloersanalternativealanguagedesignedsecificallyforNET,anddesignedwithacleanslateVisualCNETistheresultOfficially,MicrosoftdescribesCasa“simle,modern,objectoriented,andtyesaferogramminglanguagederivedfromCandC++”Mostindeendentobserverswouldrobablychangethatto“derivedfromC,C++,andJava”SuchdescritionsaretechnicallyaccuratebutdolittletoconveythebeautyoreleganceofthelanguageSyntactically,CisverysimilartobothC++andJava,
4、hawaythatyoucanworkwithouttheminalmostallcases❑SuortforroertiesandeventsinthestyleofVisualBasic❑Justbychangingthecomilerotions,youcancomileeithertoanexecutableortoaliaryofNETcomonentsthatcanbecalledubyothercodeinthesamewayasActiveXcontrols(COMcomonents)❑CcanbeusedtowriteASPNETdynamicWebagesandXMLWebservicesMostoftheabovestatements,itshouldbeointedout,doalsoalytoVisualBasicNETandManagedC++ThefactthatCisdesignedfromthestarttoworkwithNET,however,meansthatitssuortforthefeaturesofNETisbothmorecomlete,andofferedwithinthecontextofamoresuitablesyntaxthanforthoseotherlanguagesWhiletheCla
5、武汉理工大学本科生毕业设计(论文)英文翻译毕业设计题目：会务管理系统的设计与实现学院(系)：信息工程学院专业班级：电信班学生姓名：肖曼指导教师：王琳《ProfessionalCThirdEdition》SimonRobinson,ChristianNagel,JayGlynn,MorganSkinner,KarliWatson,BillEvjenWileyPublishing,Inc英文原文：WhereCFitsInInonesense,CcanbeseenasbeingthesamethingtorogramminglanguagesasNETistotheWindowsenvironmentJustasMicrosofthasbeenaddingmoreandmorefeaturestoWindowsandtheWindowsAPIovertheastdecade,VisualBasicandC++haveundergoneexansionAlthoughVisualBasicandC++haveendeduashugelyowerfullanguagesasaresultofthis,bothlanguagesalsosufferfromroblemsduetothelegaciesofhowtheyhaveevolvedInthecaseofV
6、C++和Java，许多关键字都是相同的，C也使用类似于C++和Java的块结构，并用括号(｛｝)来标记代码块，用分号分隔各行语句。对C代码的第一印象是它非常类似于C++或Java代码。但在这些表面上的类似性后面，C学习起来要比C++容易得多，但比Java难一些。其设计与现代开发工具的适应性要比其他语言更高，它同时具有VisualBasic的易用性、高性能以及C++的低级内存访问性。C包括以下一些特性：●完全支持类和面向对象编程，包括接口和继承、虚函数和运算符重载的处理。●定义完整、一致的基本类型集。●对自动生成XML文档说明的内置支持。●自动清理动态分配的内存。●可以用用户定义的特性来标记类或方法。这可以用于文档说明，对编译有一定的影响(例如，把方法标记为只在调试时编译)。●对NET基类库的完全访问权，并易于访问WindowsAPI。●可以使用指针和直接内存访问，但C语言可以在没有它们的条件下访问内存。●以VB的风格支持属性和事件。●改变编译器选项，可以把程序编译为可执行文件或NET组件库，该组件库可以用与ActiveX控件(COM组件)相同的方式由其他代码调用。●C可以用于编写ASPNET动态Web页面和XMLWeb服务。应该指出，对于上述大多数特性，VBNET和ManagedC++也具备。但C从一开始就使用NET，对NET特性的支持不仅是完整的，而
7、edrogramsC++,ontheotherhand,hasitsrootsintheANSIC++languagedefinitionItisn’tcomletelyANSIcomliantforthesimlereasonthatMicrosoftfirstwroteitsC++comilerbeforetheANSIdefinitionhadbecomeofficial,butitcomescloseUnfortunately,thishasledtotworoblemsFirst,ANSIC++hasitsrootsinadecadeoldstateoftechnology,andthisshowsuinalackofsuortformodernconcets(suchasUnicodestringsandgeneratingXMLdocumentation),andinsomearchaicsyntaxstructuresdesignedforthecomilersofyesteryear(suchasthesearationofdeclarationfromdefinitionofmemberfunctions)Second,MicrosofthasbeensimultaneouslytryingtoevolveC++intoalangu
8、因此不支持现在的概念(例如Unicode字符串和生成XML文档)，某些古老的语法结构是为以前的编译器设计的(例如成员函数的声明和定义是分开的)。其二，Microsoft同时还试图把C++演变为一种用于在Windows上执行高性能任务的语言在语言中避免添加大量Microsoft专用的关键字和各种库。其结果是在Windows中，该语言成为了一种非常杂乱的语言。让一个C++开发人员说说字符串有多少个定义方式就可以说明这一点：char*、LPTSTR、string、CString(MFC版本)、CString(WTL版本)、wchar_t*和OLECHAR*等。现在进入NET时代一种全新的环境，它对这两种语言都进行了新的扩展。Microsoft给C++添加了许多Microsoft专用的关键字，并把VB演变为VBNET，保留了一些基本的VB语法，但在设计上完全不同，从实际应用的角度来看，VBNET是一种新语言。在这里，Microsoft决定给开发人员另一个选择专门用于NET、具有新起点的语言，即VisualCNET。Microsoft在正式场合把C描述为一种简单、现代、面向对象、类型非常安全、派生于C和C++的编程语言。大多数独立的评论员对其说法是“派生于C、C++和Java”。这种描述在技术上是非常准确的，但没有涉及到该语言的真正优点。从语法上看，C非常类似于
9、isualBasicandearlier,themainstrengthofthelanguagewasthefactthatitwassimletounderstandanddidn’tmakemanyrogrammingtaskseasy,largelyhidingthedetailsoftheWindowsAPIandtheCOMcomonentinfrastructurefromthedeveloerThedownsidetothiswasthatVisualBasicwasnevertrulyobjectoriented,sothatlargealicationsquicklybecomedisorganizedandhardtomaintainAswellasthis,becauseVisualBasic’ssyntaxwasinheritedfromearlyversionsofBASIC(which,inturn,wasdesignedtobeintuitivelysimleforbeginningrogrammerstounderstand,ratherthantowritelargecommercialalications),itdidn’treallylenditselftowellstructuredorobjectorient
10、tosuchanextentthatmanykeywordsarethesame,andCalsosharesthesameblockstructurewithaces({})tomarkblocksofcode,andsemicolonstosearatestatementsThefirstimressionofaieceofCcodeisthatitlooksquitelikeC++orJavacodeBehindthatinitialsimilarity,however,CisaloteasiertolearnthanC++,andofcomarabledifficultytoJavaItsdesignismoreintunewithmoderndeveloertoolsthanbothofthoseotherlanguages,andithasbeendesignedtogiveus,simultaneously,theeaseofuseofVisualBasic,andthehigherformance,lowlevelmemoryaccessofC++ifrequiredSomeofthefeaturesofCare:❑Fullsuortforclassesandobjectorientedrogramming,includingbothi
11、agethatisdesignedforhigherformancetasksonWindows,andinordertoachievethatthey’vebeenforcedtoaddahugenumberofMicrosoftsecifickeywordsaswellasvariousliariestothelanguageTheresultisthatonWindows,thelanguagehasbecomeacomletemessJustaskC++develoershowmanydefinitionsforastringtheycanthinkof:char*,LPTSTR,string,CString(MFCversion),CString(WTLversion),wchar_t*,OLECHAR*,andsoonNowenterNETacomletelynewenvironmentthatisgoingtoinvolvenewextensionstobothlanguagesMicrosofthasgottenaroundthisbyaddingyetmoreMicrosoftsecifickeywordstoC++,andbycomletelyrevamingVisualBasicintoVisualBasicNET,alangua
12、hatareguaranteedtorunatarticularointsinthecodeHowever,theroortionsofalicationsthatfallintothiscategoryareverylow中文：C的优点C在某种程度上可以看作是NET面向Windows环境的一种编程语言。在过去的十几年里，Microsoft给Windows和WindowsAPI添加了许多功能，VB和C++也经历了许多变化。虽然VB和C++最终已成为非常强大的语言，但这两种语言也存在问题，因为它们保留了原来的一些内容。对于VisualBasic来说，它的主要优点是很容易理解，许多编程工作都很容易完成，基本上隐藏了WindowsAPI和COM组件结构的内涵。其缺点是VisualBasic从来没有实现真正意义上的面向对象，所以大型应用程序很难分解和维护。另外，因为VB的语法继承于BASIC的早期版本(BASIC主要是为了让初学者更容易理解，而不是为了编写大型商业应用程序)，所以不能真正成为结构化或面向对象的编程语言。另一方面，C++在ANSIC++语言定义中有其自己的根。它与ANSI不完全兼容，因为Microsoft是在ANSI定义标准化之前编写C++编译器的，但已经相当接近了。遗憾的是，这导致了两个问题。其一，ANSIC++是在十几年前的技术条件下开发的，
