软件测试补充

一、 mock

1. 什么是mock？

①测试桩：模拟被测对象的返回，用于测试

②mock：通常指mock server ，模拟服务返回的接口数据，用于前端开发、第三方接口联调想·

2. 为什么要学习mock？

①前后端开发进度不一致，前端开发快于后端开发，前端需要一个假的接口用于模拟后端数据返回。

②项目用到第三方接口，三方接口没有开发好或者没有开发环境

3. 如何使用mock？

①利用抓包工具fiddler，但是不方便而且也不专业

②用web框架模拟：Django、flask（结构简单，容易入门）

4. flask使用

①安装flask：pip install flask

②使用flask

案例一：最简单的get请求

# 服务端# 导包from flask import Flask# 实例化一个web服务对象,app 这个名字是预定俗成的app = Flask(__name__)# 定义一个路由 -- 访问服务器的根目录就能得到结果@app.route('/')# 创建一个方法来处理请求def hello():data = {"error_code": 0,"reason": "success","result": {"data": {"conclusion": "独营生意，和气吉祥，排除万难，必获成功","analysis": "主人性格类型：[大胆行事冲动派型]，其具体表现为：爱好追寻刺激，有不理后果大胆行事的倾向。崇尚自由奔放的恋爱，会拼尽全力爱一场，是就算明知无结果都在所不惜的冲动派。"}}}return data# 入口if __name__ == '__main__':app.run('127.0.0.1', '9090')# 客户端import requestsres = requests.get("http://127.0.0.1:9090/")print(res.text)

案例二：构建post请求的响应

# 服务端# 导包from flask import Flask,request# 实例化一个web服务对象,app 这个名字是预定俗成的app = Flask(__name__)# 构造一个接受post请求的响应@app.route('/post',methods = ["POST"])def test_post():# 使用request处理请求发送过来的参数id = request.form["id"]name = request.form["name"]return "接受到请求发送过来的数据："+name+id# 入口if __name__ == '__main__':app.run('127.0.0.1', '9090')# 客户端import requestsbody = {"id": "007","name": "anfly"}res = requests.post("http://127.0.0.1:9090/post", data=body)print(res.text)

案例三：复杂的post

# 服务端# 导包from flask import Flask, request, json# 实例化一个web服务对象,app 这个名字是预定俗成的app = Flask(__name__)# 处理稍微复杂的post请求@app.route("/post/food", methods=["POST"])def post_food():# 拿到客户端返回的数据res = json.loads(request.get_data())limit = res["limit"]id = res["stage_id"]page = res["page"]body = {"ret": 1,"data": [{"id": "8289","title": "油焖大虾","pic": "/ios/cf/uploadfile/132/9/8289.jpg","collect_num": "1670","food_str": "大虾 葱 生姜 植物油 料酒","num": 1670},{"id": "2127","title": "四川回锅肉","pic": "/ios/cf/uploadfile/132/3/2127.jpg","collect_num": "1591","food_str": "猪肉 青蒜 青椒 红椒 姜片","num": 1591},{"id": "30630","title": "超简单芒果布丁","pic": "/ios/cf/uploadfile/132/31/30630.jpg","collect_num": "1552","food_str": "QQ糖 牛奶 芒果","num": 1552},{"id": "9073","title": "家常红烧鱼","pic": "/ios/cf/uploadfile/132/10/9073.jpg","collect_num": "1426","food_str": "鲜鱼 姜 葱 蒜 花椒","num": 1426},{"id": "10097","title": "家常煎豆腐","pic": "/ios/cf/uploadfile/132/11/10097.jpg","collect_num": "1420","food_str": "豆腐 新鲜红椒 青椒 葱花 油","num": 1420},{"id": "10509","title": "水煮肉片","pic": "/ios/cf/uploadfile/132/11/10509.jpg","collect_num": "1342","food_str": "瘦猪肉 生菜 豆瓣酱 干辣椒 花椒","num": 1342},{"id": "46968","title": "红糖苹果银耳汤","pic": "/ios/cf/uploadfile/132/47/46968.jpg","collect_num": "1253","food_str": "银耳 苹果 红糖","num": 1253},{"id": "10191","title": "麻婆豆腐","pic": "/ios/cf/uploadfile/132/11/10191.jpg","collect_num": "1224","food_str": "豆腐 肉末 生抽 白糖 芝麻油","num": 1224},{"id": "2372","title": "皮蛋瘦肉粥","pic": "/ios/cf/uploadfile/132/3/2372.jpg","collect_num": "1151","food_str": "大米 皮蛋 猪肉 油条 香葱","num": 1151},{"id": "2166","title": "蚂蚁上树","pic": "/ios/cf/uploadfile/132/3/2166.jpg","collect_num": "1145","food_str": "红薯粉 肉 姜 蒜 花椒","num": 1145},{"id": "2262","title": "糖醋肉","pic": "/ios/cf/uploadfile/132/3/2262.jpg","collect_num": "1082","food_str": "猪肉 红椒 黄椒 洋葱 蛋清","num": 1082},{"id": "9971","title": "鱼香豆腐","pic": "/ios/cf/uploadfile/132/10/9971.jpg","collect_num": "1010","food_str": "豆腐 木耳 胡萝卜 香葱 番茄酱","num": 1010},{"id": "10172","title": "干煸四季豆","pic": "/ios/cf/uploadfile/132/11/10172.jpg","collect_num": "993","food_str": "四季豆 干辣椒 蒜头 酱油 糖","num": 993},{"id": "2685","title": "胡萝卜肉末蒸蛋","pic": "/ios/cf/uploadfile/132/3/2685.jpg","collect_num": "929","food_str": "胡萝卜 肉 蛋 生抽 盐","num": 929},{"id": "9972","title": "虎皮青椒","pic": "/ios/cf/uploadfile/132/10/9972.jpg","collect_num": "892","food_str": "青辣椒 大蒜 香醋 白糖 生抽","num": 892},{"id": "10437","title": "叉烧排骨","pic": "/ios/cf/uploadfile/132/11/10437.jpg","collect_num": "806","food_str": "排骨 李锦记叉烧酱 植物油 清水 油菜","num": 806},{"id": "2892","title": "“五行”彩蔬汤","pic": "/ios/cf/uploadfile/132/3/2892.jpg","collect_num": "761","food_str": "黑木耳 玉米 牛蒡 胡萝卜 西兰花","num": 761},{"id": "2348","title": "麻辣肉丝面","pic": "/ios/cf/uploadfile/132/3/2348.jpg","collect_num": "760","food_str": "面条 肉丝 淀粉 酱油 辣椒","num": 760},{"id": "10044","title": "土豆炖翅根","pic": "/ios/cf/uploadfile/132/11/10044.jpg","collect_num": "758","food_str": "土豆 翅根 葱 姜 料酒","num": 758},{"id": "33783","title": "美人豆浆","pic": "/ios/cf/uploadfile/132/34/33783.jpg","collect_num": "758","food_str": "黄豆 红豆 绿豆 黑豆 黑米","num": 758}]}if id != "1":return {"ret": 0,"res": "id有误"}if limit != "20":return {"ret": 0,"res": "页码一页数据太多"}if page != "1":return {"ret": 0,"res": "页数不存在"}return body# 入口if __name__ == '__main__':app.run('127.0.0.1', '9090')# 客户端import requestsbody = {"stage_id": "1","limit": "20","page": "1"}res = requests.post("http://127.0.0.1:9090/post/food", json=body)print(res.json())

5. Charles数据mock

①新建一个文件夹mock，在文件夹里新建一个mock.json文件，写上需要mock的数据，即json数据

②配置tools -> Map Local Settings

③浏览器获取数据

:3000/api

④Charles可以抓包抓到数据

二、 埋点测试：App的埋点测试 - 简书

三、接口依赖：json提取器和正则提取器

四、数据库优化

五、requests中token处理

1. requests获取tokentoken = requests.post(url).text.get('token')2. 设置发送token，添加在header中header = {token : "token"}requests.post(url，headers=header)

六、服务端监控工具：Nmon使用方法

服务端监控工具：Nmon使用方法