文章目录
1 简介2 实现功能3 主要器件3.1 器件列表3.2 器件连接3.3 OLED 显示屏4 实现效果5 实现代码6 最后1 简介
Hi，大家好，今天向大家介绍一个单片机项目
基于单片机的智能灌溉系统
大家可用于 课程设计 或 毕业设计
目的：利用动态水循环，具有下雨探测，日出探测功能，智能灌溉你的作物。
2 实现功能
户外温度传感器户外下雨传感器户外光照传感器有电池的RTC支持按周的灌溉调度非易失性存储-永远不会因为断电而丢失灌溉设置参数日出检测智能的浇水可以节省你的水费日出前浇水，留出适当的渗透时间减少真菌生长简单的调度控制3 主要器件
3.1 器件列表
IO扩展板 1块单总线转I2C 2块单线连接器 1个光纤连接器 1个光分路器 1个Arduino Nano开发板 1块4路直流5V继电器TSL2561光传感器DS18B20防水温度传感器光学红外水位传感器DS3231 AT24C32 IIC精密实时时钟I2C SSD1306 OLED 128x64显示屏透明防水塑料外壳200x120x75mm透明防水塑料外壳100x68x50mmip68 pg7防水尼龙电缆盖ip68 pg11防水尼龙电缆盖RJ11 螺钉接线端子50英尺4C4P RJ11线6" 4C4P RJ11线2.54毫米接头线2引脚SPST瞬时微动按钮开关 2个12VDC 1A适配器电源3.2 器件连接
3.3 OLED 显示屏
点击Menu按钮显示菜单，并继续点击此按钮循环完成所有菜单选项。如果30秒没有操作这个菜单将会自动返回。按下选择按钮以执行所需的菜单功能。
4 实现效果
5 实现代码
/* IO Expander sketch optimized* * Irrigation System v1.1* */#include <math.h>#include <time.h> // File located \Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr\avr\include\time.h#include <util/crc16.h>#include <avr/wdt.h>#include <SoftwareSerial.h>#include "IOExpander.h"#define FAHRENHEIT#define INIT_BOARD "g5w1;g11w1;g11d0,75;g12w1;g12d0,75;rsf"#define ONEWIRE_TO_I2C_ROM1"i4scc"#define ONEWIRE_TO_I2C_ROM2"i6s8f"#define ONEWIRE_TEMPERATURE"t6s0300"#define RTC_SENSOR "s4te"#define I2C_EEPROM "s4tf"#define I2C_OLED"s4t10"#define I2C_LIGHT"s3t9;sc0"#define OPTICAL_SENSOR"g5a"#define BUTTON1 "g11d"#define BUTTON2 "g12d"#define WATER_TIME_BEFORE_SUNRISE 60#define SUNRISE_LUX 100#define RAIN_DETECT_LEVEL 4.0#define DO_NOT_WATER_TEMP 4.4444 // 40F#define MAX_ZONES4#define HOUR_IN_DAY 24L#define MIN_IN_HOUR 60L#define SEC_IN_MIN 60L#define SEC_IN_HOUR (MIN_IN_HOUR * SEC_IN_MIN)#define SEC_IN_DAY (HOUR_IN_DAY * SEC_IN_HOUR)#define DAYS_IN_WEEK 7#define SEC_IN_WEEK (SEC_IN_DAY * DAYS_IN_WEEK)#define SUN 0x01#define MON 0x02#define TUE 0x04#define WED 0x08#define THR 0x10#define FRI 0x20#define SAT 0x40#define EVERYDAY(SUN | MON | TUE | WED | THR | FRI | SAT)#define SUNRISE 0x80#define MENU_OPTIONS 9#define MENU_TIME30#define OFF 0#define ON 1#define STATE_ON_OFF 0x01//#define SERIAL_DEBUG#ifdef SERIAL_DEBUGSoftwareSerial swSerial(8,7);#endifchar weekday[][4] = {"SUN","MON","TUE","WED","THU","FRI","SAT"};char menu[][13] = {"Next","Water","Reset","Clock Min +","Clock Min -","Clock Hour +","Clock Hour -","Sunrise","ON/OFF"};enum {MENU_NEXT,MENU_WATER,MENU_RESET,MENU_CLOCK_MIN_PLUS,MENU_CLOCK_MIN_MINUS,MENU_CLOCK_HOUR_PLUS,MENU_CLOCK_HOUR_MINUS,MENU_SUNRISE,MENU_ON_OFF};typedef struct {char description[16];uint8_t relay;} ZONE;typedef struct {uint8_t zone;uint8_t days;int8_t hour;int8_t min;uint8_t duration;} SCHEDULE;typedef struct {time_t sunrise_time;time_t last_water_time;uint8_t water_schedule;uint8_t water_duration;uint8_t rain[MAX_ZONES];uint8_t state;uint8_t crc;} NVRAM;enum {ZONE1,ZONE2,ZONE3,ZONE4};enum {RELAY1 = 1,RELAY2,RELAY3,RELAY4};ZONE zone[] = {{"Front Right", RELAY1},{"Front Left", RELAY2},{"Bushes",RELAY3},{"Left Side", RELAY4},};SCHEDULE schedule[] = {{ZONE1, SUNRISE | EVERYDAY, -1, 0, 4},{ZONE2, EVERYDAY, 6, 15, 5},{ZONE3, EVERYDAY, 6, 0, 10},{ZONE4, EVERYDAY, 6, 10, 6},}; NVRAM nvram;bool update_nvram = false;uint8_t crc8(uint8_t* data, uint16_t length){uint8_t crc = 0;while (length--) {crc = _crc8_ccitt_update(crc, *data++);}return crc;}int led = 13;bool init_oled = true;bool update_oled = true;bool init_board = true;#ifdef FAHRENHEIT#define C2F(temp) CelsiusToFahrenheit(temp)float CelsiusToFahrenheit(float celsius){return ((celsius * 9) / 5) + 32;}#else#define C2F(temp) (temp)#endifvoid SerialPrint(const char* str, float decimal, char error){Serial.print(str);if (error) Serial.print(F("NA"));else Serial.print(decimal, 1);}time_t NextScheduleTime(time_t last_time, uint8_t* next_schedule){time_t next_time = -1;time_t clk_time;uint8_t i;tm clk;uint8_t wday;for (i = 0; i < sizeof(schedule) / sizeof(SCHEDULE); i++) {if (schedule[i].days & SUNRISE) {clk_time = nvram.sunrise_time; clk_time += schedule[i].hour * SEC_IN_HOUR;clk_time += schedule[i].min * SEC_IN_MIN;localtime_r(&clk_time, &clk);} else {localtime_r(&last_time, &clk);clk.tm_hour = schedule[i].hour;clk.tm_min = schedule[i].min;clk.tm_sec = 0;clk_time = mktime(&clk);}wday = clk.tm_wday;while (clk_time <= last_time || !(schedule[i].days & (1 << wday))){clk_time += SEC_IN_DAY;if (++wday > SATURDAY) wday = SUNDAY;if (wday == clk.tm_wday) break; // Only check one week}if (clk_time < next_time) {next_time = clk_time;*next_schedule = i;}}return next_time;}void StartScheduleTime(time_t start_time, uint8_t start_schedule){uint8_t i;nvram.last_water_time = start_time;nvram.water_schedule = start_schedule;nvram.water_duration = schedule[start_schedule].duration+1;update_nvram = true;// Check if it rainedi = schedule[start_schedule].zone;if (i < MAX_ZONES && nvram.rain[i] > 0) {if (nvram.rain[i] > nvram.water_duration) nvram.water_duration = 0;else nvram.water_duration -= nvram.rain[i];nvram.rain[i] = 0;}}void WaterScheduleTime(void) {uint8_t i;nvram.water_duration--;update_nvram = true;i = schedule[nvram.water_schedule].zone;if (i < MAX_ZONES) {Serial.print("r");Serial.print(zone[i].relay);if (nvram.water_duration > 0) Serial.println("o");else Serial.println("f");SerialReadUntilDone();}}void setup() {Serial.begin(115200);#ifdef SERIAL_DEBUGswSerial.begin(115200);#endif pinMode(led, OUTPUT);//delay(1000);wdt_enable(WDTO_8S);}void loop() {static tm rtc;tm clk, sunrise_clk;time_t rtc_time;time_t clk_time;static time_t next_time;static uint8_t last_sec;static uint8_t last_min;bool error_rtc;bool error_light;bool error_temp;static long lux = 0;static float temp, rain;static uint8_t sunrise_counter = MIN_IN_HOUR;static bool check_sunrise = false;uint8_t i;static bool read_nvram = true;static time_t water_time;static uint8_t water_schedule;uint8_t sz;uint8_t wday;long n;bool button1, button2;static int8_t menu_select = -1;static time_t menu_time = 0;Serial.println();if (SerialReadUntilDone()) {if (init_board) {SerialCmdDone(INIT_BOARD);init_board = false;}if (init_oled) {if (SerialCmdNoError(ONEWIRE_TO_I2C_ROM1)) {SerialCmdDone(I2C_OLED ";si;sc;sd");init_oled = false;}}if (SerialCmdDone(RTC_SENSOR)) {error_rtc = !SerialReadTime(&rtc);if (!error_rtc) {clk = rtc; // mktime() can change struct tmrtc_time = mktime(&clk);localtime_r(&rtc_time, &rtc); // Get wday.}if (read_nvram) {if (SerialCmdNoError(I2C_EEPROM)) {SerialReadEEPROM((uint8_t*)&nvram, 0, sizeof(nvram));if (nvram.crc != crc8((uint8_t*)&nvram, sizeof(nvram)-sizeof(uint8_t))) {//swSerial.println("CRC8 Failure!");// Initialize nvrammemset(&nvram, 0, sizeof(nvram));clk = rtc;clk.tm_hour = 6;clk.tm_min = 0;clk.tm_sec = 0;nvram.sunrise_time = mktime(&clk);if (nvram.sunrise_time < rtc_time) nvram.sunrise_time + SEC_IN_DAY;update_nvram = true;}// Check last water time no less than one weekif (rtc_time - nvram.last_water_time > SEC_IN_WEEK) nvram.last_water_time = rtc_time - SEC_IN_WEEK;// Check sunrise timeif (rtc_time > nvram.sunrise_time) {localtime_r(&nvram.sunrise_time, &sunrise_clk);clk = rtc;clk.tm_hour = sunrise_clk.tm_hour;clk.tm_min = sunrise_clk.tm_min;clk.tm_sec = sunrise_clk.tm_sec;nvram.sunrise_time = mktime(&clk);if (nvram.sunrise_time < rtc_time) nvram.sunrise_time + SEC_IN_DAY; }if (nvram.water_duration) {nvram.water_duration++;water_time = nvram.last_water_time;}else {clk_time = (nvram.last_water_time) ? nvram.last_water_time : rtc_time;water_time = NextScheduleTime(clk_time, &water_schedule);}read_nvram = false;}}}// Process only once every minuteif (rtc.tm_min != last_min){// Request a 1-Wire temperature measurement. Read it later.error_temp = !SerialCmdNoError(ONEWIRE_TEMPERATURE);if (!error_temp) SerialCmdDone("tt");error_light = !SerialCmdNoError(ONEWIRE_TO_I2C_ROM2 ";oo0");if (!error_light) {SerialCmdDone(I2C_LIGHT); // Do not use overdriveSerialCmd("sr");SerialReadInt(&lux);SerialReadUntilDone();}if (SerialCmd(OPTICAL_SENSOR)) {SerialReadFloat(&rain);SerialReadUntilDone();}error_temp = !SerialCmdNoError(ONEWIRE_TEMPERATURE);if (!error_temp) {SerialCmd("tr");SerialReadFloat(&temp);SerialReadUntilDone();}// Is it sunrise?if (lux < SUNRISE_LUX) {if (sunrise_counter > 0) sunrise_counter--;else check_sunrise = true;}else {if (sunrise_counter < MIN_IN_HOUR) {sunrise_counter++;if (check_sunrise && sunrise_counter == MIN_IN_HOUR) {nvram.sunrise_time = rtc_time + (SEC_IN_DAY - SEC_IN_HOUR);check_sunrise = false;update_nvram = true;}}}// Is it raining?if (rain <= RAIN_DETECT_LEVEL) {for (i = 0; i < MAX_ZONES; i++) {if (nvram.rain[i] < -1) nvram.rain[i]++;}update_nvram = true;}// Check scheduleif (menu_select == -1 && !nvram.water_duration) {while (water_time + (schedule[water_schedule].duration * SEC_IN_MIN) < rtc_time) {water_time = NextScheduleTime(water_time, &water_schedule);}if (water_time <= rtc_time) {StartScheduleTime(water_time, water_schedule);if (temp <= DO_NOT_WATER_TEMP || nvram.state & STATE_ON_OFF == OFF)nvram.water_duration = 0;}}// Do we need to water?if (nvram.water_duration) {WaterScheduleTime();if (!nvram.water_duration)water_time = NextScheduleTime(water_time, &water_schedule);}last_min = rtc.tm_min;update_oled = true;}// Check buttonsbutton1 = SerialReadButton(BUTTON1);if (button1) {if (menu_select == -1) menu_select = 0;else {if (++menu_select >= MENU_OPTIONS)menu_select = 0;}menu_time = rtc_time;update_oled = true;}if (menu_select >= 0) {button2 = SerialReadButton(BUTTON2);if (button2) {clk_time = rtc_time;switch(menu_select) {case MENU_NEXT:case MENU_RESET:if (nvram.water_duration) {nvram.water_duration = 1;WaterScheduleTime();}water_time = NextScheduleTime((menu_select == MENU_NEXT) ? water_time : rtc_time, &water_schedule);break;case MENU_WATER:StartScheduleTime(water_time, water_schedule);WaterScheduleTime();break;case MENU_CLOCK_MIN_PLUS:clk_time += SEC_IN_MIN;break;case MENU_CLOCK_MIN_MINUS:clk_time -= SEC_IN_MIN;break;case MENU_CLOCK_HOUR_PLUS:clk_time += SEC_IN_HOUR;break;case MENU_CLOCK_HOUR_MINUS:clk_time -= SEC_IN_HOUR;break;case MENU_ON_OFF:nvram.state ^= STATE_ON_OFF;update_nvram = true;break; }if (clk_time != rtc_time) {if (SerialCmdDone(RTC_SENSOR)) {localtime_r(&clk_time, &clk);SerialWriteTime(&clk);rtc_time = clk_time;}}menu_time = rtc_time;update_oled = true;}}if (menu_select >= 0 && rtc_time - menu_time > MENU_TIME) {menu_select = -1;update_oled = true;}if (update_oled) {if (SerialCmdNoError(ONEWIRE_TO_I2C_ROM1)) {Serial.print("st10;so1;sc;sf0;sa0;sd0,0,\"");if (nvram.water_duration) Serial.print(nvram.water_duration);else {if ((nvram.state & STATE_ON_OFF) == OFF) Serial.print("OFF");else if (rain <= RAIN_DETECT_LEVEL) Serial.print("Rain");else if (temp <= DO_NOT_WATER_TEMP) Serial.print("Cold");else Serial.print("v1.1");}Serial.print("\";sf2;sa1;sd75,0,\"");if (menu_select == 7) {// Sunriseclk_time = nvram.sunrise_time;localtime_r(&clk_time, &clk);}else clk = rtc;Serial.print(clk.tm_hour-((clk.tm_hour>12)?12:0));Serial.print(":");if (clk.tm_min < 10) Serial.print("0");Serial.print(clk.tm_min);Serial.println("\"");SerialReadUntilDone();Serial.print("sf1;sa0;sd79,8,\"");Serial.print((clk.tm_hour>12)?"PM":"AM");Serial.print("\";sf0;sa1;sd127,1,\"");Serial.print(weekday[clk.tm_wday]);Serial.print("\";sd127,13,\"");Serial.print(clk.tm_mon+1);Serial.print("/");Serial.print(clk.tm_mday);Serial.println("\"");SerialReadUntilDone();Serial.print("sf0;sa0;sd1,36,\"");i = schedule[water_schedule].zone;if (i < MAX_ZONES) Serial.print(zone[i].description);localtime_r(&water_time, &clk);if (water_time - rtc_time > SEC_IN_DAY) {Serial.print("\";sa1;sd126,36,\"");Serial.print(clk.tm_mon+1);Serial.print("/");Serial.print(clk.tm_mday);Serial.print(" ");Serial.print(clk.tm_hour-((clk.tm_hour>12)?12:0));Serial.print(":");if (clk.tm_min < 10) Serial.print("0");Serial.print(clk.tm_min); Serial.print(" ");}else {Serial.print("\";sf1;sa1;sd111,30,\"");Serial.print(clk.tm_hour-((clk.tm_hour>12)?12:0));Serial.print(":");if (clk.tm_min < 10) Serial.print("0");Serial.print(clk.tm_min); Serial.print("\";sf0;sd126,36,\"");}Serial.print((clk.tm_hour>12)?"PM":"AM");if (nvram.water_duration) Serial.print("\";so2;sc0,29,128,19");Serial.println();SerialReadUntilDone();if (menu_select == -1) {//Serial.print("\";sa0;sd0,52,\"");//Serial.print(rain);SerialPrint("\";so1;sa2;sd63,52,\"", C2F(temp), error_temp);if (!error_temp) Serial.print("\",248,\""#ifdef FAHRENHEIT"F"#else"C"#endif);Serial.print(" / "); Serial.print(lux); }else {Serial.print("\";so0;sc0,51,128,14;sf0;sa2;sd63,52,\"");if (menu_select == MENU_ON_OFF) {Serial.print((nvram.state & STATE_ON_OFF) ? "OFF" : "ON");}else Serial.print(menu[menu_select]);}Serial.println("\";sd");SerialReadUntilDone();update_oled = false;}else init_oled = true;}if (update_nvram) {if (SerialCmdNoError(I2C_EEPROM)) {nvram.crc = crc8((uint8_t*)&nvram, sizeof(nvram)-sizeof(uint8_t));//swSerial.println(nvram.crc, HEX);SerialWriteEEPROM((uint8_t*)&nvram, 0, sizeof(nvram));update_nvram = false;}}delay(50);}else {digitalWrite(led, HIGH);delay(500);digitalWrite(led, LOW);delay(500);init_board = true;init_oled = true;}wdt_reset();}
