文章目录
1. 结构化数据2. ES 中的机构化搜索3. Demo3.1 对布尔值 match 查询,有算分3.2 对布尔值,通过 constant score 转成 filtering,没有算分3.3 数字类型 Term3.4 数字类型 terms3.5 数字 Range 查询3.6 日期 range3.7 exists 查询 - 非空查询3.8 字符类型 terms3.9 处理多值字段4.0 处理多值字段,term 查询是包含,而不是等于4.1 Match 跟 term 对比1. 结构化数据
1.结构化搜索(Structured search) 是指对结构化数据的搜索
日期,布尔类型和数字都是结构化
2.文本也可以是结构化的
如彩色笔可以有离散的颜色集合:红(red)、绿(green)、蓝(blue)一个博客可能被标记了标签,例如,分布式(distributed)和搜索(search)电商网站上的商品都有 UPCs(通用产品码 Universal Product Codes)或其他的唯一标识,它们都遵从严格规定的、结构化的格式
2. ES 中的机构化搜索
布尔、时间,日期和数字
这类结构化数据:有精确的格式,我们可以对这些格式进行逻辑操作。包括比较数字或时间的范围,或判断两个值的大小结构化的文本可以做到精确匹配
或者部分匹配
Term
查询 /Prefix 前缀
查询结构化结构只有 “是” 或 “否” 两个值
根据场景需要,可以决定结构化搜索是否需要打分
3. Demo
DELETE productsPOST /products/_bulk{"index":{"_id":1}}{"price":10,"avaliable":true,"date":"-01-01","productID":"XHDK-A-1293-#fJ3"}{"index":{"_id":2}}{"price":20,"avaliable":true,"date":"-01-01","productID":"KDKE-B-9947-#kL5"}{"index":{"_id":3}}{"price":30,"avaliable":true,"productID":"JODL-X-1937-#pV7"}{"index":{"_id":4}}{"price":30,"avaliable":false,"productID":"QQPX-R-3956-#aD8"}#查看mappingGET products/_mapping{"products" : {"mappings" : {"properties" : {"avaliable" : {"type" : "boolean"},"date" : {"type" : "date"},"price" : {"type" : "long"},"productID" : {"type" : "text","fields" : {"keyword" : {"type" : "keyword","ignore_above" : 256}}}}}}}
3.1 对布尔值 match 查询,有算分
POST products/_search{"profile": "true","explain": true,"query": {"term": {"avaliable": true}}}
3.2 对布尔值,通过 constant score 转成 filtering,没有算分
POST products/_search{"profile": "true","explain": true,"query": {"constant_score": {"filter": {"term": {"avaliable": true}},"boost": 1.2}}}
3.3 数字类型 Term
POST products/_search{"profile": "true","explain": true,"query": {"constant_score": {"filter": {"term": {"price": 30}},"boost": 1.2}}}
3.4 数字类型 terms
POST products/_search{"profile": "true","explain": true, //explain 返回文档的评分解释"query": {"constant_score": {"filter": {"terms": {"price": ["20","30"]}}}}}
3.5 数字 Range 查询
POST products/_search{"profile": "true","explain": true,"query": {"constant_score": {"filter": {"range": {"price": {"gte": 20,"lte":30}}}}}}
gt 大于lt 小于gte 大于等于lte 小于等于
3.6 日期 range
POST products/_search{"query": {"constant_score": {"filter": {"range": {"date": {"gte": "now-1y" //当前时间减1天}}}}}}
Date Match Expressions
-01-01 00:00:00 || +1M
3.7 exists 查询 - 非空查询
POST products/_search{"query" : {"constant_score" : {"filter" : {"exists": {"field":"date"}}}}}
3.8 字符类型 terms
POST products/_search{"query": {"constant_score": {"filter": {"terms": {"productID.keyword": ["QQPX-R-3956-#aD8","JODL-X-1937-#pV7"]}}}}}
3.9 处理多值字段
#demoPOST /movies/_bulk{"index":{"_id":1}}{"title":"Father of the Bridge Part II","year":1995,"genre":"Comedy"}{"index":{"_id":2}}{"title":"Dave","year":1993,"genre":["Comedy","Romance"]}
4.0 处理多值字段,term 查询是包含,而不是等于
//返回2条数据POST movies/_search{"query": {"constant_score": {"filter": {"term": {"genre.keyword": "Comedy"}}}}}
4.1 Match 跟 term 对比
POST products/_search{"profile": "true","explain": true,"query": {"term": {"date": "-01-01"}}}POST products/_search{"profile": "true","explain": true,"query": {"match": {"date": "-01-01"}}}
参考资料:
极客时间:Elasticsearch核心技术与实战
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