解决Python中ZipFile解压文件名中文乱码的问题

问题复现

压缩包目录结构

里面有中文.zip├── 中文文件.txt└── 中文文件夹└── 中文文件.txt

解压代码

from zipfile import ZipFilewith ZipFile(r'./里面有中文.zip') as zfp:zfp.extractall(r'./原版解压')

解压目录样式

原版解压├── ╓╨╬─╬─╝■.txt└── ╓╨╬─╬─╝■╝╨└── ╓╨╬─╬─╝■.txt

原因分析

zipfile.py中ZipFile在初始化时执行了这样一个方法，目的是读取目录结构，代码如下(可以不看)：

def _RealGetContents(self):"""Read in the table of contents for the ZIP file."""fp = self.fptry:endrec = _EndRecData(fp)except OSError:raise BadZipFile("File is not a zip file")if not endrec:raise BadZipFile("File is not a zip file")if self.debug > 1:print(endrec)size_cd = endrec[_ECD_SIZE] # bytes in central directoryoffset_cd = endrec[_ECD_OFFSET] # offset of central directoryself._comment = endrec[_ECD_COMMENT] # archive comment# "concat" is zero, unless zip was concatenated to another fileconcat = endrec[_ECD_LOCATION] - size_cd - offset_cdif endrec[_ECD_SIGNATURE] == stringEndArchive64:# If Zip64 extension structures are present, account for themconcat -= (sizeEndCentDir64 + sizeEndCentDir64Locator)if self.debug > 2:inferred = concat + offset_cdprint("given, inferred, offset", offset_cd, inferred, concat)# self.start_dir: Position of start of central directoryself.start_dir = offset_cd + concatfp.seek(self.start_dir, 0)data = fp.read(size_cd)fp = io.BytesIO(data)total = 0while total < size_cd:centdir = fp.read(sizeCentralDir)if len(centdir) != sizeCentralDir:raise BadZipFile("Truncated central directory")centdir = struct.unpack(structCentralDir, centdir)if centdir[_CD_SIGNATURE] != stringCentralDir:raise BadZipFile("Bad magic number for central directory")if self.debug > 2:print(centdir)filename = fp.read(centdir[_CD_FILENAME_LENGTH])flags = centdir[5]if flags & 0x800:# UTF-8 file names extensionfilename = filename.decode('utf-8')else:# Historical ZIP filename encodingfilename = filename.decode('cp437')# Create ZipInfo instance to store file informationx = ZipInfo(filename)x.extra = fp.read(centdir[_CD_EXTRA_FIELD_LENGTH])ment = fp.read(centdir[_CD_COMMENT_LENGTH])x.header_offset = centdir[_CD_LOCAL_HEADER_OFFSET](x.create_version, x.create_system, x.extract_version, x.reserved,x.flag_bits, press_type, t, d,x.CRC, press_size, x.file_size) = centdir[1:12]if x.extract_version > MAX_EXTRACT_VERSION:raise NotImplementedError("zip file version %.1f" %(x.extract_version / 10))x.volume, x.internal_attr, x.external_attr = centdir[15:18]# Convert date/time code to (year, month, day, hour, min, sec)x._raw_time = tx.date_time = ((d >> 9) + 1980, (d >> 5) & 0xF, d & 0x1F,t >> 11, (t >> 5) & 0x3F, (t & 0x1F) * 2)x._decodeExtra()x.header_offset = x.header_offset + concatself.filelist.append(x)self.NameToInfo[x.filename] = x# update total bytes read from central directorytotal = (total + sizeCentralDir + centdir[_CD_FILENAME_LENGTH]+ centdir[_CD_EXTRA_FIELD_LENGTH]+ centdir[_CD_COMMENT_LENGTH])if self.debug > 2:print("total", total)

其中关于文件名编码的处理是这样的：

# 第42行if flags & 0x800:# UTF-8 file names extensionfilename = filename.decode('utf-8')else:# Historical ZIP filename encodingfilename = filename.decode('cp437')

要么是utf-8要么是cp437，然而咱们在windows平台上压缩包文件名编码大多是gbk，这里用cp437解码了，所以会乱码

解决办法

只需要将filename重新编码cp437解码成gbk就好了，网络上大多数做法是对解压后的文件和目录操作，不太优雅。优雅一点点的方式是直接修改ZipFile对象中的filename

首先找到filename存在于哪里，同样在_RealGetContents这个函数中找到如下代码

# 第49行x = ZipInfo(filename)... # 省略若干行# self是ZipFile对象# 第67行self.filelist.append(x)self.NameToInfo[x.filename] = x

所以至少有两处存在filename

列表filelist存储的ZipInfo对象的filename属性字典NameToInfo的键

加个补丁函数把这两处改了试试，代码如下：

from zipfile import ZipFiledef support_gbk(zip_file: ZipFile):name_to_info = zip_file.NameToInfo# copy map firstfor name, info in name_to_info.copy().items():real_name = name.encode('cp437').decode('gbk')if real_name != name:info.filename = real_namedel name_to_info[name]name_to_info[real_name] = inforeturn zip_filewith support_gbk(ZipFile(r'./里面有中文.zip')) as zfp:zfp.extractall(r'./中文不乱码')

解压出来目录结构如下

中文不乱码├── 中文文件.txt└── 中文文件夹└── 中文文件.txt

完事！

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