后端开发|Python教程
django,ajax,邮箱
后端开发-Python教程
本篇文章主要介绍了django 通过ajax完成邮箱用户注册、激活账号的方法，现在分享给大家，也给大家做个参考。一起过来看看吧
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A、图片验证码
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django-simple-captcha配置
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1.在pycharm中，File====》Settings====》Project:项目名====》Project Interpreter====》+====》搜django-simple-captcha选择0.55以上版本，然后点install package 按钮进行安装
2.项目名/urls.py中添加代码：
from django.urls import path,include......from users.views import IndexView......urlpatterns = [ ...... #配置验证码 path(captcha/,include(captcha.urls)), #首页url path(\, IndexView.as_view(), name=index), ......]
3.settings.py中添加一个注册信息
INSTALLED_APPS = [ ...... captcha]
4.打开终端Terminal执行更新数据库命令：
python manage.py makemigrationspython manage.py migrate
5.在users目录下新建form.py文件：
from django import formsfrom captcha.fields import CaptchaField......class RegisterForm(forms.Form): """注册信息的验证""" ...... captcha=CaptchaField(error_messages={invalid:验证码错误}) ......
6.在users/views.py中添加代码：
from users.form import RegisterFormclass IndexView(View): """首页""" def get(self,request): register_form=RegisterForm() return render(request,index.html,{ egister_form:register_form})
7.在前端首页index.html中显示验证码、输入框
html
......
......
验证码：
{{ register_form.captcha }}
{% csrf_token %}
......
css
.cap{ display: inline-block; width: 280px; height: 36px; } .cap img{ float: right; }
js 跟刷新验证码相关（需要先引入jQuery）
$(function(){ $(.captcha).css({ cursor: pointer }); /*# ajax 刷新*/ $(.captcha).click(function(){console.log(click);$.getJSON("/captcha/refresh/",function(result){ $(.captcha).attr(src, result[image_url]); $(#id_captcha_0).val(result[key])}); }); })
B、ajax邮箱注册
1.在前端跟注册绑定的模态框代码写成：
html
......
用户名：
邮箱：
2222
密码：
222
确认密码：
22
验证码：
{{ register_form.captcha }}
2
{% csrf_token %}
............
css
.cap{ display: inline-block; width: 280px; height: 36px; } .cap img{ float: right; } .re-input{ display: inline-block; width:100px; text-align: center } .msg{ margin-left: 100px; background-color: orangered; width:180px; text-align: center }
跟ajax注册相关的js代码：
$("#registerbtn").click(function() { $.ajax({cache:false,type:"POST",url:"{% url users:register %}",dataType:json,data:$(#registerform).serialize(),//通过id找到提交form表单，并将表单转成字符串async:true,//异步为真，ajax提交的过程中，同时可以做其他的操作success:function (data) { //jquery3以后，会将回传过来的字符串格式的data自动json解析不用再使用一遍JSON.parse(data)了，不然反而会在控制台报错 if(data.status){$(#active-msg).html(data.status); } else{if(data.user){ username_msg=data.user.toString(); $(#user-msg).html(用户名+ username_msg);}if(data.email){ email_msg=data.email.toString(); $(#email-msg).html(邮箱+ email_msg);}if(data.pwd){ password_msg=data.pwd.toString(); $(#pwd-msg).html(密码+ password_msg);}if(data.captcha){ captcha_msg=data.captcha.toString(); $(#captcha-msg).html(captcha_msg);}msg=data.__all__.toString();$(#active-msg).html(msg); }} }); });
提升用户交互体验的js代码：
$("input").bind(input propertychange, function() { $(#login-fail).html(\); $(#user-msg).html(\); $(#email-msg).html(\); $(#pwd-msg).html(\); $(#pwd-msg2).html(\); $(#captcha-msg).html(\); });
2.users/form.py代码：（要验证的字段名跟前端input框的name值要保持一致！）
from django import formsfrom captcha.fields import CaptchaFieldfrom .models import UserProfileclass RegisterForm(forms.Form): """注册信息的验证""" user = forms.CharField(required=True, error_messages={ equired: 用户名不能为空.}) email=forms.EmailField(required=True,error_messages={ equired: 邮箱不能为空.}) pwd = forms.CharField(required=True, min_length=6, error_messages={ equired: 密码不能为空., min_length: "至少6位"}) pwd2 = forms.CharField(required=True, min_length=6, error_messages={ equired: 密码不能为空., min_length: "至少6位"}) captcha=CaptchaField(error_messages={invalid:验证码错误}) def clean(self): \验证两次密码是否一致\ p1=self.cleaned_data.get(pwd) p2=self.cleaned_data.get(pwd2) if p1!=p2:raise forms.ValidationError(两次输入密码不一致) else:return self.cleaned_data
3.users/views.py中与注册相关的代码：
......from django.http import HttpResponsefrom .models import UserProfile,ShopProfilefrom users.form import RegisterFormfrom django.contrib.auth.hashers import make_passwordimport jsonclass RegisterView(View): """邮箱注册""" def post(self, request): register_form=RegisterForm(request.POST) if register_form.is_valid():user_name=request.POST.get(user,\)email=request.POST.get(email,\)pass_word=request.POST.get(pwd,\)u=UserProfile.objects.filter(username=user_name).count()e=UserProfile.objects.filter(email=email).count()if u or e: return HttpResponse({"status":"该用户名或邮箱已被占用！"})else: user_profile=UserProfile() user_profile.username=user_name user_profile.email=email user_profile.password=make_password(pass_word) user_profile.is_active=False user_profile.save() return HttpResponse({"status":"注册成功请去邮箱激活！"}) msg=register_form.errors msg=json.dumps(msg) return HttpResponse(msg)
4.配置users/urls.py注册路由：
......from .views import RegisterView.....urlpatterns = [ ...... path( egister/,RegisterView.as_view(),name= egister), ...... ]
C、邮箱激活已注册的账号：
1.新建个数据表存放邮箱激活码：
在users/models.py中增加代码：
class EmailVerifyRecord(models.Model): """邮箱激活码""" code=models.CharField(max_length=20,verbose_name=验证码) email=models.EmailField(max_length=50,verbose_name=邮箱) send_type=models.CharField(verbose_name=验证码类型,choices=(( egister,注册),(forget,忘记密码)),max_length=20) send_time=models.DateTimeField(verbose_name=发送时间,default=datetime.now) class Meta: verbose_name=邮箱验证码 verbose_name_plural=verbose_name def __str__(self): return {0}({1}).format(self.code,self.email)
在users/adminx.py中注册数据表：
......from .models import EmailVerifyRecord......class EmailVerifyRecordAdmin(object): list_display = [code, email, send_type, send_time] search_fields = [code, email, send_type] list_filter = [code, email, send_type, send_time]......xadmin.site.register(EmailVerifyRecord,EmailVerifyRecordAdmin)
打开终端Terminal执行更新数据库命令：
python manage.py makemigrationspython manage.py migrate
2.写发邮件的脚本：在apps/users/新建utils/email_send.py
from random import Randomfrom users.models import EmailVerifyRecordfrom django.core.mail import send_mailfrom xyw.settings import EMAIL_FROMdef random_str(randomlength=8): str=\ chars=AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz0123456789 length=len(chars)-1 random=Random() for i in range(randomlength): str+=chars[random.randint(0,length)] return strdef send_register_email(email,send_type= egister): email_record=EmailVerifyRecord() code=random_str(16) email_record.code=code email_record.email=email email_record.send_type=send_type email_record.save() email_title=\ email_body=\ if send_type== egister: email_title=雪易网注册激活链接 email_body=请点击下面的链接激活你的账号：http://127.0.0.1:8000/active/{0}.format(code) send_status=send_mail(email_title,email_body,EMAIL_FROM,[email]) if send_status:pass elif send_type==forget: email_title = 雪易密码重置链接 email_body = 请点击下面的链接重置你的密码：http://127.0.0.1:8000/reset/{0}.format(code) send_status = send_mail(email_title, email_body, EMAIL_FROM, [email]) if send_status:pass
3.在settings.py中追加发送邮件的配置代码：
EMAIL_HOST=\EMAIL_PORT=25EMAIL_HOST_USER=xxxxxxxx@ #你的邮箱EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD=********EMAIL_USE_TLS=FalseEMAIL_FROM=xxxxxxx1@ #同样是你的邮箱，跟上面都是发信者邮箱#我用的新浪的，也可以用别的
4.开启新浪邮箱的smtp服务，不然不能自动发邮件的，步骤如下：
登录新浪邮箱====》设置区====》客户端pop/imp/smtp====》Pop3/SMTP服务====》服务状态：开启====》保存
5.增加激活功能
在users/views.py中增加激活类ActiveUserView(View)代码：
......from .models import EmailVerifyRecord......class ActiveUserView(View): """激活账户""" def get(self,request,active_code): all_records=EmailVerifyRecord.objects.filter(code=active_code) if all_records:for record in all_records: email=record.email user=UserProfile.objects.get(email=email) user.is_active=True user.save()return render(request,index.html)
6.在users/views.py中
对注册类 RegisterView(View)增加发送激活邮件的代码：
......from apps.utils.email_send import send_register_email......class RegisterView(View): """邮箱注册""" def post(self, request): ...... user_profile.save()#发送邮件代码start send_register_email(email, egister)#发送邮件代码end return HttpResponse({"status":"注册成功请去邮箱激活！"})
对登录LoginView(View)增加验证账户激活与否的代码：
class LoginView(View): """用户登录""" def post(self,request): user_name=request.POST.get("username","") pass_word=request.POST.get("pwd","") user=authenticate(username=user_name,password=pass_word) if user is not None:#验证账户是否已经激活startif user.is_active: login(request,user) return HttpResponse({"status":"success"})else: return HttpResponse({"status":"fail","msg":"账户未激活"})#验证账户是否已经激活end else:return HttpResponse({"status":"fail","msg":"用户名或密码错误"})
至此完成了用邮箱注册及激活，很多时候，激活邮件都会被邮箱自动放入垃圾箱，而且从邮件点击激活链接的时候，还会被提示一些警告信息，可以说通过邮箱注册各种不如通过短信注册，但是……省钱啊！^_^
详解Django之auth模块（用户认证）
