1．阅读理解
When was the last time you used plastic plates? Next time, why not try some edible ones? Youll help the environment and your guests won go hungry. "I used to work in school catering and saw a lot of money being thrown away. I thought that was criminal, so I decided to do something about it," said Italian school chef Tiziano Vicentini.
Now, Vicentini has an amazing range of edible plates for schools. The plates are made out of bread dough, so you can eat them afterwards. "These dishes cost a few pennies each and are either eaten by the kids, or go into recycling bins for animal food," explained Vicentini, 50, of Milan. But now other companies are developing edible plates, too. The Edible-Plate Company offers edible plates, bowls, trays and cups. Their products are environmentally-friendly, 100% biodegradable and can be used for all types of catering and home use. And they e made from a natural plant. After use, they can be fed to animals or left to degrade naturally.
They also have a range of cutlery（餐具） made from corn and potato starch（淀粉）. These plates will also help reduce the amount of plastic; we create. Waste from plastic causes a lot of damage to the environment, as well as costing governments millions m waste management. Plastic bags often end up in landfill sites or on the street. And the burning of plastic waste causes toxic gases that pollute the air. In response to this, governments around the world are introducing tough recycling regulations. And many shops are offering biodegradable plastic bags and eco-safe packaging on their products. To help matters, the International Organization for Standardization (the ISO) has also developed a system to evaluate the biodegradability of products, with a certification and logo scheme, Meanwhile, how about a nice plate for lunch?
（1）Which of the following is not the advantage of edible plates?
A. They are expensive.
B. They can degrade naturally.
C. They are environmentally-friendly.
D. They are made from natural plant.
（2）Which of the following statements is true?
A. Tiziano is from Germany.
B. Edible plates are only used for school catering.
C. Corn and potato starch can be used to make cutlery.
D. The Edible Plate Company doesn produce edible bowls.
（3）What does the underlined word "this" refer to?
A. The air pollution.
B. The edible cutlery.
C. The toxic gases caused by the burning of plastic.
D. The damage to the environment caused by plastic waste.
（4）What is the main idea of this passage?
A. The measures to stop the pollution.
B. The ways to reduce the plastic waste.
C. How to make edible plates from natural plants. .
D. The plate solution to eating and environmental problem.
2．阅读理解
Dogs were living as companions to the early settlers of North America over 10,000 years ago. The oldest domestic dogs in the Americas were thought to be around 9500 years old. Angela Perri of Durham University, UK, and her colleagues have carried out fresh radiocarbon dating on the two dog skeletons that gave this date, discovered in the prehistoric Koster site in Illinois, and found they were even older: around 10,100 years old.
A third dog from another Illinois site called Stilwell II was older still, at 10,190 years old. That makes it the oldest known domesticated dog in the Americas. The team concluded that all three dogs were domesticated as they skeletons were complete and unskinned, and so hadn been butcheredfor food. They had also been carefully buried, evidence they were valued by their owners. The Stilwell II dog, which probably resembled a small English settler, was under what seemed to be the floor of a living area. It is unclear why it took so long for tame dogs to arrive in the Americas, given that they were domesticated at least 14,000 years ago in Eurasia. By this time, people were already moving into North America from Siberia; there is evidence some reached Chile 18,500 years ago. Geneticists have found signs of at least three waves of migration over the following millennia. There is no evidence that domestic dogs accompanied them. “We don know if dogs were part of the first waves of immigration to the Americas" says Luc Janssens of Ghent University in Belgium. "It could be so, but no archaeological bones have yet been found." It is "overwhelmingly probable" that some of the early settlers did bring dogs to the Americas, but they may not have had "the time or the spiritual compulsion to bury them", says Pat Shipman of Pennsylvania State University.
（1）How old is the oldest known domestic dog in the Americas7
A. About 9500 years.
B. About 10,100 years.
C. 10,190 years.
D. 18,500 years.
（2）The underlined word "butchered" in the fourth paragraph could be replaced by.
A. killed
B. bought
C. trained
D. raised
（3）What is the attitude towards when tame dogs arrived in the Americas in the last three paragraphs?
A. Undoubted.
B. Unsure.
C. Indifferent.
D. Unconfident.
（4）What is the main topic of this passage?
A. The earliest domestic dog in the Americas.
B. The first dog arriving in the Americas.
C. How dogs were domesticated in the Americas.
D. When the oldest dog was found in the Americas.
3．阅读理解
New South Wales, Australia, is setting up cameras as part of an effort to reduce the number of people preoccupied with wireless devices while they drive. It will be the first area in the world to use the technology to punish drivers distracted (分心) with telephone calls, social media or text messages.
Road Safety experts are concerned about the growing number of accidents involving drivers using smart phones on the states roads. They say drivers who use phones while driving greatly increase their chances of being involved in an accident.
The New South Wales government plans to place 45 Mobile Phone Detection Cameras across the state by December. Each phone detection unit contains two cameras. One camera takes pictures of a vehicles registration plate (牌照). A second camera looks through the front window of a car or truck to see what drivers are doing with their hands.
The units use artificial intelligence to set aside drivers who are not touching their phones. Human beings then confirm if the pictures show illegal behavior before notice is sent to the vehicles registered owner. A violation (违反) carries fine of $232. Some cameras will be permanently set up on roadsides. Others will be moved, from time to time, around the state.
Two fixed cameras took photographs of 8.5 million vehicles as part of a six-month test earlier this year. The cameras took photos of more than 100,000 drivers with their hands on phones. One driver was using a phone and another electronic device, an Apple iPad, at the same time. Another driver had a passenger guide the vehicle while they both held phones, the state government said.
（1）What is the real purpose to set up cameras in New South Wale? A.To keep records of the accidents.
B.To promote the latest technology.
C.To find illegal behavior of the drivers.
D.To force drivers to focus more on driving.
（2）What can we infer from the road safety experts?
A.Smart-phones are main killers on the road.
B.All accidents result from drivers using cell-phones.
C.Measures are badly needed to ban using phones while driving.
D.Carrying a smart-phone while driving will cause an accident.
（3）How does the phone detection unit function effectively?
A.It corrects the drivers wrong behavior.
B.It has two cameras to record the plates.
C.It sends a notice to the legal diver autonomously.
D.It combines artificial intelligence with humans efforts.
（4）What did a six-month test show?
A.Electronic devices could help divers indeed.
B.Mary passenger helped operate the vehicles.
C.Many drivers used electronic devices while driving.
D.It was common to be busy with two wireless devices.
4．阅读理解
The Wall Street Journal recently published an excellent article penned by Wendy Bounds on a hot topic here at MNN: the air-purifying qualities of the common house plant. Given that the air inside your home can be 2 to 5 times more polluted than the air outside of it, making it clean with plants like peace lily (百合花) and asparagus fern (芦笋蕨) is an economical artistically pleasing alternative to air purifiers. So its been acknowledged that a bunch of pretty putted houseplants can help you maintain a healthier home, but a smarter home?
Thats the question in light of a recent study published by the Journal of Environmental Psychology showing that the presence of plants in a room, particularly in an office environment, can shrink attention span (范围). Struggling directive attention (the kind of attention that takes effort) can be refreshed through exposure ho to naturalistic environments. Basically, taking a walk through the park can clear ones head. But can a head be refreshed simply by being surrounded by houseplants?
To test their theory, the studys authors rounded up a bunch of participants, put some of them in a mom with no plants and put others in a room with our plants placed around a desk, and put them all to the same series of tests. First was a Rearing Span Teat which involves reading a series of sentences aloud and remembering the Last word in each sentence. This task requires that you fluently switch between attention demanding tasks: from rending and memorizing at one moment to writing and recalling at the next. Next came a proofreading task fallowed by another Reading Span Test.
The results? Participants working in the room with the plants improved their performance from the first Reading Span Test to the second while those working in the room lacking in greenery did not. Consequently, the benefits of working among plants is indeed evident.
（1）What do we know from the first paragraph?
A.Staying indoors can help avoid the poorer air outdoors.
B.Houseplants can Function as beautiful cheap air purifiers.
C.Planting polled flowers as decorations is very interesting.
D.Air purifiers are the most effective to create a healthy home.
（2）What does the underlined part in paragraph 2 probably refer to?A.Focus ones attention.
B.Disturb ones attention.
C.weaken ones attention.
D.Turn ones attention away.
（3）What does the test prove?
A.Working in nature helps increase productivity.
B.Houseplants will be in great demand in our life.
C.Greenery creates healthier naturalistic atmosphere indoors.
D.Working among houseplants improves mental functioning.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Flowers: Grand Feast to Eyes B.Greenery: Effective Air-purifier
C.Houseplants: Visual Brain Food D.Potted Plants: Great! House-beautifier
5．阅读理解
Bamboo is one of the worlds most useful plants. For thousands of years, bamboo has been used in many different ways-from food to medicine to clothing and, in small ways, as a building material.
However, bamboo is not often used as a building material in the developed world. A professor at the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania is trying to change that. The professor and his students are testing the strength of bamboo.They are testing how much pressure or weight it can take before breaking.
Kent Harries is a professor at the University of Pittsburgh. Harries says that testing methods for bamboo need to be the same for all. They need to be standardized. Standardizing test methods for bamboo will help to bring the plant into common use. It will also give engineers and builders around the world a dependable standard.
Harries says that bamboo is strong in nature. The strength of at least three species of bamboo is similar to steel.Besides its strength, bamboo has other features that make it very useful in building. He says it is resilient(有弹力的), meaning it keeps its shape and strength even under pressure.
Bamboo also grows quickly. Bamboo that is suitable for construction needs much less resources than wood. The harvest cycle of bamboo is about 3 years. Softwoods such as cedar, pine and spruce have a harvest cycle of about 10 years. And hardwoods that come from flowering plants such as oak and walnut need more than 30 years.
Bamboo is widely used as food for panda bears. It is also used for flooring and window covers. However, for building, bamboo is not used much outside its native growing area. This is mostly because of its round shape. But there are other reasons too. People think -- or have the mentality--that bamboo is a low quality building material.
（1）What is the author mainly talking about in the passage?
A. Make bamboo a common building material.
B. Take advantage of bamboo in our everyday.
C. Consider bamboo to be a common plant.
D. Use bamboo to replace building materials.
（2）What is the purpose of what Kent Harries and his students did? A. To prove what is the most useful plant.
B. To introduce bamboo to the developed world.
C. To give engineers and builders some advice.
D. To make sure of the strength of bamboo.
（3）What does Harries think of bamboo in the passage?
A. Harries sees bamboo as a great building material.
B. Harries thinks bamboo is as strong as steel.
C. Harries sees bamboo as the most ideal Plant.
D. Harries thinks bamboo has the reliable shape.
（4）What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Bamboo is an environmentally friendly building material.
B. Bamboo material will go to the market in the soon future.
C. Hardwoods are much more popular than softwoods.
D. Bamboo grows not only faster but takes up less space.
6．阅读理解
There might be as many as 10 million species of complex life on this planet today —— a huge number. But add up all of the complex species that ever lived and some biologists think the grand total would be about five billion. The estimate leads to an astonishing conclusion: a staggering 99% of species are not around any more. They have been driven to extinction.
More species are joining the ranks of the extinct every year. Many scientists believe we are living through an episode of remarkably rapid extinction, on a scale that has been seen only five times in the last half a billion years.
They call this current episode the sixth mass extinction —— a large, global decline in a wide variety of species over a relatively short period of time. And they tend to agree that humans are the main cause.
Over-hunting, overfishing, and human-driven habitat loss are pushing many species to the brink. In fact, we have changed the planet so much that some geologists are now suggesting that we have entered a new phase in Earths history; an epoch they call the ＂Anthropocene＂. By 2100, it is expected that humans will have caused the extinction of up to half of the worlds current species.
Because we are living through this extinction, it is relatively easy for us to study the driving forces behind it. But how do we determine what caused other mass die-offs that happened long ago? To do so we have to look at what archaeologists, palaeontologists, geologists and other scientists have concluded from the evidence they have gathered.
The trouble is, those scientists do not always agree with one another —— even about the most recent extinction event. As well as the five-or six- mass extinctions, there have also been many smaller extinctions.
One of these mini extinction events happened towards the end of the Pleistocene, a few tens of thousands of years ago. It is sometimes called the ＂megafaunal＂ extinction because many of the species it claimed were particularly large animals, weighing more than 97lb (44kg). However, its cause remains a debate amongst scientists.
（1）What can we learn about the sixth mass extinction？
A. Humans are the main cause of it.
B. It means a global decline over a long time.
C. It occurred towards the end of the Pleistocene.
D. Scientists still disagree about the cause of it.
（2）What can be inferred from the text about species？
A. 99% of species will not be around any more by 2100.
B. By the 22nd century, there will probably be about five million on this planet.
C. About eight years later we will enter what is called the ＂Anthropocene＂.
D. It is not easy for us to figure out causes behind the＂Anthropocene＂.
（3）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph ?
A. Land animals.
B. Marine life.
C. Huge animals.
D. Flesh-eating creatures.
7．阅读理解
Home Laundry Automatic Dryer Product
Full Two Year Warranty（保修）
Limited Five Year Warranty on Cabinet（机箱）
Warranty Provides for：
FIRST TWO YEARS Amana will repair or replace any faulty part free of charge.
THIRD THRU FIFTH YEARS Amana will provide a free replacement part for any cabinet which proves faulty due to rust（生锈）.
Warranty Limitations：
Warranty begins at date of original purchase.
Applies only to product used within the United States or in Canada if product is approved by Canadian Standards Association when shipped from factory.
Products used on a commercial or rental basis not covered by this warranty.
Service must be performed by an Amana servicer.
Adjustments covered during first year only.
Warranty Does Not Cover It If：
Product has damage due to product change，connection to an improper electrical supply> shipping and handling, accident, fire, floods, lightning or other conditions beyond the control of Amana.
Product is improperly installed（安装）or applied.
Owners Responsibilities：
Provide sales receipt.
Normal care and repair.
Having the product reasonably accessible for service.
Pay for service calls related to product installation or usage instructions.
Pay for extra service costs, over normal service charges, if servicer is requested to perform service outside servicer^ normal business hours.
In no event shall Amana be responsible for consequential damages（间接损坏）.
This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may have others which vary from state to state For example, some states do not allow the exclusion（排除）or limitation of consequential damages, so this exclusion may not apply to you.
（1）According to Warranty Limitations, a product can be under warranty if_______.
A. used in the U.S.A
B. rented for home use
C. repaired by the user himself
D. shipped from a Canadian factory
（2）According to Owners Responsibilities, an owner has to pay for______.
A. the product installation
B. a servicers overtime work
C. the loss of the sales receipt
D. a mechanics transportation
（3）Which of the following is true according to the warranty?
A. Consequential damages are excluded across America.
B. A product damaged in a natural disaster is covered by the warranty.
C. A faulty cabinet due to rust can be replaced free in the second year.
D. Free repair is available for a product used improperly in the first year.
8．阅读理解
（1）What do we know about the Angloville programs?
A. Meals are partly sponsored by the programs.
B. Confirmation fee will be fully refunded later.
C. 1 on 1 talks are arranged for junior participants.
D. D. Material-stimulated talks make Angloville different.
（2）What is the determining factor to be a good participant in Angloville?A. Academic achievements.
B. Communication skills.
C. Cultural sensitivity.
D. Open-mindedness.
9．阅读理解
Why do you go to the library? For books, yes--but you like books because they tell stories. You hope to get lost in a story or be transported into someone elses life. At one type of library, you can do just that--even though theres not a single book。
At a Human Library, instead of books, you can “borrow” people. Individuals volunteer as human “books” and participants in the event can “read” the book--meaning they would have a one-on-one conversation with the volunteer and share in a dialogue about that individuals experience. “Books” are volunteers from all walks of life who have experienced discrimination (歧视) based on race, religion, class, gender identity, age, lifestyle choices, disability and other aspects of their life
For a certain amount of time, you can ask them questions and listen to their stories, which are as fascinating and as attractive as any you can find in a book. Many of the stories have to do with some kind of stereotype. You can speak with a refugee (难民), a soldier suffering from PTSD, a homeless person or a woman living with HIV. The Human Library encourages people to challenge their own long-held beliefs-to truly get to know, and learn from someone they might otherwise make a quick judgment about.
According to its website, the Human Library is “a place where difficult questions are expected, appreciated and answered.” It provides the opportunity for the community to share and understand the experiences of others in their community.
The Human Library Organization came to be in Copenhagen, Denmark in 2000. Ronni Abergel, his brother Dany, and some colleagues hosted a four-day event during a major Northern European festival, hoping to raise awareness about violence among youth. After the success of this event, Abergel founded the Human Library Organization, which has been growing ever since.
Though there are a few permanent human libraries, most aren places at all, but events. Though many do take place at physical libraries, you don need a library card—anyone can come and be part of the experience. There have been human library events all over the globe, in universities and in pubs, from Chicago to Tunis to Edinburgh to San Antonio.
The stories these "books" tell range from fascinating to heartbreaking and everything in between. And thats the very point of the organization--to prove that no person can be summed up in just one word. It seeks to show people that you truly can judge a book by its cover---or by its title or label.
（1）The “books” in human libraries are____________.
A. long-held beliefs attracting individuals
B. inspiring stones motivating people in trouble
C. events in which people can talk to volunteers
D. unfairly-treated people sharing their experiences
（2）The event in Copenhagen is significant because it_______.
A. aimed to help the young suffering from violence
B. attempted to replace traditional physical libraries
C. laid a foundation for the Human Library Organization
D. led to a pleasing development for the community with racism
（3）In human libraries, the readers are likely to_________.
A. deepen their understanding of people
B. enrich their own personal experiences
C. hear the stories from all over the world
D. make quick judgments about the “books”
（4）The main purpose of the passage is to _________.
A. compare and evaluate
B. inform and explain
C. discuss and persuade
D. analyze and suggest
10．阅读理解
Rich countries are racing to dematerialise payments. They need to do more to prepare for the side-effects.
For the past 3,000 years, when people thought of money they thought of cash. Over the past decade, however, digital payments have taken off— tapping your plastic on a terminal or swiping a smartphone has become normal. Now this revolution is about to turn cash into an endangered species in some rich economies. That will make the economy more efficient—but it also causes new problems that could hold back the transition(转型).
Countries are removing cash at varying speeds. In Sweden the number of retail cash transaction per person has fallen by 80% in the past ten years. America is perhaps a decade behind. Outside the rich world, cash is still king. But even there its leading role is being challenged. In China digital payments rose from 4% of all payments in to 34% in .
Cash is dying out because of two forces. One is demand— younger consumers want payment systems that plug easily into their digital lives. But equally important is that suppliers such as banks and tech firms (in developed markets) and telecoms companies (in emerging ones) are developing fast, easy-to-use payment technologies from which they can pull data and pocket fees. There is a high cost to running the infrastructure behind the cash economy—ATMs, vans carrying notes, tellers who accept coins. Most financial firms are keen to abandon it, or discourage old-fashioned customers with heavy fees.
In the main, the prospect of a cashless economy is excellent news. Cash is inefficient. When payments dematerialise, people and shops are less open to theft. It also creates a credit history, helping consumers borrow.
Yet set against these benefits are a couple of worries. Electronic payment systems may risk technical failures, power failure and cyber-attacks. In a cashless economy the poor, the elderly and country folk may be left behind. And a digital system could let governments watch over peoples shopping habits and private multinationals exploit their personal data.
（1）Some rich countries are trying to .
A. dematerialize money
B. get rid of the side-effects of cash
C. make the economy more efficient by protecting endangered species
D. promote payment without paper money or coins
（2）In paragraph 3, several countries are mentioned to show_______. A. the differences between developed and developing countries
B. that cash is still king across the world
C. digital payments are becoming a trend that cannot be stopped
D. China is developing faster that those developed countries in digital payment
（3）Cash is disappearing largely because .
A. younger consumers are short of money to live their digital lives
B. suppliers are trying to reduce costs and obtain money and data
C. the infrastructure is developing at a high speed in developed markets
D. financial firms want to abandon old-fashioned customers
（4）The authors attitude towards digitalized payment is_______.A. favorable
B. negative
C. objective
D. indifferent
阅读理解 答案
1.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了饮食和环境的问题，并且提出了相应的解决方法。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Their products are environmentally-friendly, 100% biodegradable and can be used for all types of catering and home use. And they e made from a natural plant. After use, they can be fed to animals or left to degrade naturally.”可知，“昂贵”不是edible plates的优势。故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“They also have a range of cutlery（餐具） made from corn and potato starch（淀粉）．”可知，玉米和马铃薯淀粉可用于制作餐具。故选C。
（3）考查代词指代。根据第三段中的“Waste from plastic causes a lot of damage to the environment, as well as costing governments millions m waste management. Plastic bags often end up in landfill sites or on the street. And the burning of plastic waste causes toxic gases that pollute the air. In response to this, governments around the world are introducing tough recycling regulations.” 塑料垃圾对环境造成了很大的破坏，同时也给政府带来了数百万的垃圾管理。塑料袋经常会出现在垃圾填埋场或街道上。而燃烧的塑料垃圾会导致有毒气体污染空气。作为对此的回应，世界各国政府正在出台严格的回收法规。由此可知this指的是“塑料垃圾对环境造成的破坏。”故选D。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“When was the last time you used plastic plates? Next time, why not try some edible ones? Youll help the environment and your guests won go hungry."可知，本文讲述的是饮食和环境问题的解决方案。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，代词指代和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案
2.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）B（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大概一万年以前就在北美成为人类伙伴的狗的种类。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“A third dog from another Illinois site called Stilwell II was older still, at 10,190 years old. That makes it the oldest known domesticated dog in the Americas.”可知，美洲最古老的家犬有10,190年。故选C。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“The team concluded that all three dogs were domesticated as they skeletons were complete and unskinned, and so hadn been butchered for food. They had also been carefully buried, evidence they were valued by their owners. ”研究小组得出的结论是，这三种狗都是被驯化的，因为它们的骨骼是完整的，没有皮肤的，所以没有被宰杀作为食物。他们也被仔细地埋葬了，证据表明他们是被主人重视的。关键词buried，可知划线词的意思是“杀死”，故选A。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“It is unclear why it took so long for tame dogs to arrive in the Americas, given that they were domesticated at least 14,000 years ago in Eurasia.”可知，对到达美洲的驯服的狗态度是不确定。故选B。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Dogs were living as companions to the early settlers of North America over 10,000 years ago. The oldest domestic dogs in the Americas were thought to be around 9500 years old.”可知，美洲有最早的家犬。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
3.【答案】 （1）D（2）C（3）D（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了澳大利亚新南威尔士州正在设置摄像头，以减少开车时全神贯注于无线设备的人数。用这项技术惩罚那些因电话、社交媒体或短信分心的司机，将是世界上第一个。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段“New South Wales, Australia, is setting up cameras as part of an effort to reduce the number of people preoccupied with wireless devices while they drive. It will be the first area in the world to use the technology to punish drivers distracted （分心） with telephone calls, social media or text messages.”澳大利亚新南威尔士州正在设置摄像头，以减少开车时全神贯注于无线设备的人数。用这项技术惩罚那些因电话、社交媒体或短信分心的司机，将是世界上第一个。所以判断出，新南威尔士设置摄像头的真正目的是迫使司机更专注于驾驶。故选D。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Road Safety experts are concerned about the growing number of accidents involving drivers using smart phones on the states roads. They say drivers who use phones while driving greatly increase their chances of being involved in an accident.”可知道路安全专家对越来越多的司机在州内道路上使用智能手机的事故表示关注。他们说，司机在开车时使用手机，大大增加了发生事故的可能性。所以判断出，道路安全专家认为急需采取措施禁止开车时使用手机。故选C。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The units use artificial intelligence to set aside drivers who are not touching their phones. Human beings then confirm if the pictures show illegal behavior before notice is sent to the vehicles registered owner.”可知这些装置使用人工智能技术，将不接触手机的司机隔离开来。然后，在通知车主之前，由人类确认照片上是否有违法行为。因此，手机检测装置是把人工智能和人类的努力结合起来。故选D。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Two fixed cameras took photographs of 8.5 million vehicles as part of a six﹣month test earlier this year. The cameras took photos of more than 100，000 drivers with their hands on phones.”可知今年早些时候，作为为期6个月的测试的一部分，两个固定摄像头拍摄了850万辆汽车的照片。这些摄像头拍摄了10万多名驾驶员的手拿着手机的照片。 所以，六个月的测试显示了许多司机在开车时使用电子设备。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
4.【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）D（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过实验说明室内植物可以很好地提高人们的注意力。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Given that the air inside your home can be 2 to 5 times more polluted than the air outside of it, making it clean with plants like peace lily (百合花) and asparagus fem (芦笋蕨) is a economical, artistically pleasing alternative to air purifiers.”可知，鉴于室内空气污染比室外空气污染严重2到5倍，用百合花、芦笋蕨这些植物来取代空气净化器净化室内空气即经济实惠又美观。故选B。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Struggling directive attention(the kind of attention that takes effort can be refreshed through exposure to naturalistic environments.”可知，挣扎的注意力(需要努力的注意力)可以通过置身于自然环境中来恢复。据此可推知，缩小注意力范围即指注意力得到恢复，变得更专注。故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Participants working in the room with the plants improved their performance from the first Reading Span Test to the second while those working in the room lacking in greenery did not. Consequently, the benefits of working among plants is indeed evident.”可知，在有植物的房间里工作的参与者从第一次阅读广度测试到第二次阅读广度测试的成绩都有所提高，而在没有绿色植物的房间里工作的参与者则没有。因此，在植物间工作的好处是显而易见的。由此可知，这个测试的证实了在室内植物间工作可以改善精神功能。故选D。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据全文内容可知本文介绍室内植物可以很好地提高人们的注意力，对大脑的工作效果起到积极作用。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
5. 【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）A（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了竹子是世界上最有用的植物之一。几千年来，竹子被广泛地应用于各个方面，然而，在发达国家，竹子并没有经常地被应用于建筑领域。Kent Harries 教授试图改变这一点。他和他的学生们测试了竹子的受压力量。Kent Harries 教授认为是一种很好的建筑材料。(1)考查主旨大意。本文讲述了Kent Harries和他的学生所做的实验，实验的目的是测试竹子能否当作建筑材料来使用。故选A。
(2)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ The professor and his students are testing the strength of bamboo．”可知，教授和他的学生做实验的目的是测试竹子的承受力，故选D。
(3)考查细节理解。根据第四段可知，Kent Harries认为竹子结实、有弹力、能承受压力，是有用的建筑材料，由此可知他的观点是竹子是种很好的建筑材料。故选A。
(4)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段可知，竹子长得很快，其生长为三年，而针叶木材则需，阔叶树时间更长，由此可知，竹子是种很环保的建筑材料。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
6.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，许多科学家认为，我们正经历着地球史上第六次大规模物种灭绝，主要原因是人类的过度捕猎、过度捕捞和人类栖息地的丧失。但是，各个科学家对过去物种灭绝原因有着不同的看法，即便是最近的一次小规模物种灭绝——大型动物灭绝，有关的灭绝原因，科学家仍在争论。(1)考查细节理解。第三段提到大规模物种灭绝是在a relatively short period of time，所以B错误；最后一段提到大型动物的灭绝发生在the end of the Pleistocene，而第六次大规模物种灭绝是当下正在发生的，所以C错误；根据第三段中的＂They call this current episode the sixth mass extinction —— a large, global decline in a wide variety of species over a relatively short period of time. And they tend to agree that humans are the main cause.＂可知，科学家认为人类是第六次大规模物种灭绝的主要原因，没有不同意见，因此D错误，因此选A。
(2)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“There might be as many as 10 million species of complex life on this planet today ”，以及第四段中的＂By 2100, it is expected that humans will have caused the extinction of up to half of the worlds current species.＂可知，到22世纪，地球还会有目前物种的1/2会灭绝，也就是10million的半，即five million，因此选B。
(3)考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的＂because many of the species it claimed were particularly large animals, weighing more than 97lb (44kg).＂可推知 ＂megafaunal＂应为大型动物，因此选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。
7.答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文这是一张保修单，属于说明文，对家用自动干洗机的保修时限、保修服务范围、购买者所负的责任、不属于保修服务内容以及对结果性损失不负任何责任诸方面进行了详尽说明。
(1)考查细节理解。根据“Warranty Limitations： Applies only to product used within the United States”可知，根据保修限制，如果在美国使用，产品可以在保修期内。故选A。
(2)考查细节理解。根据“Owners Responsibilities： Pay for extra service costs, over normal service charges”可知，根据业主的责任，业主必须为服务人员的加班工作支付费用。故选B。
(3)考查细节理解。根据“FIRST TWO YEARS Amana will repair or replace any faulty part free of charge.”可知，一个有缺陷的橱柜在第二年就可以被替换掉。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。
8.【答案】（1）D（2）D
【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文，介绍了有关Angloville 项目的相关信息以及申请的条件。
(1)考查细节理解。根据MY COMMITMENTS部分中的“The most important difference between Angloville and a traditional English course is that we do not teach through books or theory. We will provide materials, but only to help stimulate (刺激) diverse conversations”可知，Angloville和传统英语课程不同的地方是我们不通过课本和理论进行教学，我们提供材料，唯一目的是刺激不同的交谈。结合选项可知，故选D。
(2)考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Open-mindedness is key to being a good participant in Angloville”可知，成为一个好的参与者的关键因素是思想开放，故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。
9.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A（4）B
【解析】【分析】这是一篇介绍说明类文章。文章介绍了有关“the Human Library”的相关信息。在the Human Library，读者可以和来自各行各业志愿者们交谈，了解他们的经历和故事，加深对他人的了解。
（1）细节理解题。由第二段中的 “At a Human Library, instead of books, you can “borrow” people. Individuals volunteer as human “books” and participants in the event can “read” the book--meaning they would have a one-on-one conversation with the volunteer and share in a dialogue about that individuals experience. “Books” are volunteers from all walks of life who have experienced discrimination (歧视) based on race, religion, class, gender identity, age, lifestyle choices, disability and other aspects of their life” 可知，Human Library的“书”实际上人，这些人来自各行各业，他们经历了种族，宗教，性别等方面的歧视。读者们可以和这些人交谈，了解他们的经历。故答案选D。
（2）推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“The Human Library Organization came to be in Copenhagen, Denmark in 2000. Ronni Abergel, his brother Dany, and some colleagues hosted a four-day during a major Northern European festival, hoping to raise awareness about violence among youth. After the success of this event, Abergel founded the Human Library Organization, which has been growing ever since”可知，Ronni Abergel，他的兄弟Dany以及一些同事举行了为期四天的活动，希望提高人们对青年人暴力的意识。在这次活动成功之后，Abergel建立了the Human Library Organization，该组织一直在发展中。由此可知，在Copenhagen举行的活动的成功导致了the Human Library Organization的成立，结合选项可推知，该活动奠定了该组织的基础，故答案选C。
（3）细节理解题。由第四段中的“It provides the opportunity for the community to share and understand the experiences of others in their community”可知，the Human Library给社会给提供了分享和了解别人经历的机会。由此可知，通过the Human Library， 人们可以加深对他人的了解。故答案选A。
（4）写作意图题。文章介绍了the Human Library(真人图书馆)的情况。在the Human Library，读者可以和来自各行各业志愿者们交谈，了解他们的经历和故事。文章还介绍了the Human Library的成立的情况。很明显，作者希望通过这篇文章让读者了解the Human Library，结合选项，告知解释。故答案选B。
【点评】推理题的解题方法：（1）抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。（2） 整合全文（段）信息进行推断。有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论。（3）利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断。每篇文章的语境都有一定褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态及作者的写作意图，因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能在把握主旨文意的基础上对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。 （4）根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。 作者态度、倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定，对记叙或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。 （5）根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。 （6）结合已有的知识进行推断。知识推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用自己掌握的基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原义的结论的一种推断方法。
10.【答案】 （1）D（2）C（3）B（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，富裕国家正在减少现金支付,现金正在因为需求等原因消失。总的来说,无现金经济的未来是个好消息,但是对于电子支付人们也有一些担忧。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Rich countries are racing to dematerialise payments.”可知, 富裕国家正竞相将支付非物质化；再根据第三段中的“In Sweden the number of retail cash transaction per person has fallen by 80% in the past ten years.”在过去的十年中,瑞典的人均零售现金交易数量下降了80％。结合上下文,可知某些富裕国家比如瑞典正在减少现金支付,推广不用纸币或硬币的支付方式,也就是电子支付方式。故选D。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“In Sweden the number of retail cash transaction per person has fallen by 80% in the past ten years.”可知在过去的十年中,瑞典的人均零售现金交易数量下降了80％；再根据“In China digital payments rose from 4% of all payments in to 34% in .”可知在中国,数字支付从占所有支付的4％上升到的34％。瑞典和中国的共同点是现金支付减少,电子支付比例上升,由此可推断作者提到瑞典和中国是为了说明数字支付正成为一种不可阻挡的趋势。故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的 “But equally important is that suppliers such as banks and tech firms (in developed markets)... Most financial firms are keen to abandon it, or discourage old-fashioned customers with heavy fees.”可知现金消失的一个重要原因就是诸如银行和科技公司（在发达市场）和电信公司（在新兴市场）之类的供应商正在开发快速,易于使用的支付技术,他们可以从中提取数据和小费。运行现金经济背后的基础架构需要付出高昂的成本,这些基础设施包括自动取款机,载有纸币的货车,接受硬币的出纳员。大多数金融公司都渴望放弃它,或者以高昂的费用劝阻老式客户。也就是供应商为了减少成本,获取数据和小费,开发了更便捷的支付方式,导致现金支付的减少。故选B。
（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，,作者提到无现金支付即电子支付的好处,也提到电子支付引起的担忧,对待电子支付是客观的,故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
